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HRE FINALS > ROAD CONSTRUCTION METHODS > Flashcards

ROAD CONSTRUCTION METHODS Flashcards

1
Q

A structure that links barangays and cities in the country

A

Road

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2
Q

Classification of Roads

A

Usage, National Importance, Surface Course, Traffic Volume

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3
Q

Types of Road According to Usage

A

a. Primary National Road – main highway trunk line
b. Secondary National Road – connects a
provincial or national road
c. Provincial Road – connects two
municipalities or cities within a province
d. City Road - streets within the urban area
e. Municipal Road – street within a población area
f. Barangay Road – located outside the
población area
g. Major Roads – national importance,
frequently used by traffic, part of highway
system
h. Minor Roads – local in nature as they serve only the interest of the locality, less frequently used by traffic

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4
Q

Accommodate greater traffic volume

A

Street or Road

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5
Q

service area connecting highway

A

Highway

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6
Q

Types of Road According to Surface Course

A

a. Earth Road
b. Gravel Road
c. Asphalt Road
d. Concrete Road

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7
Q

Simplest forms of road, trail that has
been developed, most important aspect, drains rainwater away, raised above the level

A

Earth Road

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8
Q

Natural gravel, all-weather road, use to
construct farm-to-market roads, a better quality road

A

Gravel Road

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9
Q

flexible pavement, tensile strength,
hot-mix combination

A

Asphalt Road

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10
Q

rigid pavement, resist weak
subgrade, essential ingredient, fine dry powder, strong
itself

A

PCC Pavement Road

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11
Q

Types of Road According to Traffic Volume

A

a. For Heavy Traffic Load
b. For Medium Traffic Load
c. For Light Traffic Load

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12
Q

Main Road Components

A

A. Subgrade
B. Aggregate sub-base and base course
C. Surface course
D. Shoulders
E. Drainage structures
F. Slope protection/retaining structures
G. Miscellaneous Works (erosion and sediment control)

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13
Q

contractor’s perspective and project
engineer and staff, discussion, issues, site for the project, project engineer instructions

A

Preconstruction Conference / Preliminary
Preparations

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14
Q

Complete contract drawings, cross sections, specifications and invitation
for Bids, Reference materials, right of way plans, entry agreements, and related documents, utility adjustment or relocation plans, notice to proceed, material to test equipment and reports, sketchbooks,
forms, office supplies, and field books, surveying notes and equipment. Pertinent correspondence.

A

Preliminary Preparations

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15
Q

actual position of the road

A

As-Stake Survey

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16
Q

Plans Governing Infrastructure Projects:

A

a. Original Plans
b. As-Stake Plans
c. As-Built Plans

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17
Q

office, quarters, and laboratory for engr, vehicle and assistance, progress photographs

A

Client Side (facilities for the engr.)

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18
Q

Office, equipment, fabrication area/shop, workmen’s quarter, storage/warehouse,
contractor’s equipment yard

A

Contractor’s Side

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19
Q

temporary routes, access to properties, barricades

A

Access and Detour Roads

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20
Q

Divert traffic, remain durable and
operational

A

Detour Roads

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21
Q

Connect job sites, built isolated job
locations

A

Access Road

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22
Q

TCP (traffic control plan) to the district engr.

A

Maintenance of Traffic

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23
Q

removing and disposing of surface objects

A

Clearing and Grubbing

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24
Q

Equipment and labor mobilization, Removal of trees, Disposal of debris

A

Key activities

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25
Q

remove to avoid work interruptions

A

Removal of Existing Obstructions

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26
Q

Existing pavements, Drainage structures, Underground waterlines, Electrical posts
and lines, Cable and telephone lines, Residential houses and building, Fences

A

Typical Obstructions

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27
Q

layer of natural soil, excess suitable material, road in rolling hills, two
components (roadway excavation and embankment fill)

A

FORMATION OF SUBGRADE

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28
Q

earth fill below the pavement

A

Embankment

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29
Q

suitable materials from sources
outside

A

Borrow

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30
Q

the angle of constructed soil

A

Slope

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31
Q

average depth of embankment

A

Fill

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32
Q

average depth of needed in excavating

A

Cut

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33
Q

removing earth

A

Excavation

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34
Q

pressing soil

A

Compaction

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35
Q

tool for economic building

A

Soil Stabilization

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36
Q

suitable materials obtained from roadway cuts

A

Selected Borrow

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37
Q

layer of material placed on existing surface

A

Leveling Course

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38
Q

process of loosening and removing earth, outside the limits of slope will not be distributed

A

ROADWAY EXCAVATION

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39
Q

Types of Roadway Excavation

A

A. Common Excavation
B. Unsuitable excavation
C. Rock Excavation
D. Unclassified Excavation
E. Surplus Excavation

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40
Q

excavation of common materials use for embankment

A

Common Excavation

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41
Q

removal and disposal of saturated and unsaturated

A

Unsuitable excavation

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42
Q

igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

A

Rock Excavation

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43
Q

regardless of its nature

A

Unclassified Excavation

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44
Q

excavated along the road traverse

A

Surplus Excavation

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45
Q

suitable materials which can be common or rock, most desirable fill is a mixture of two or more simple type.

A

EMBANKMENT FILL

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46
Q

fill may be obtained by quarrying a bulldozer

A

Quarrying and Hauling

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47
Q

spreading the materials into thin layer

A

Spreading of embankment

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48
Q

not less than 500 sq.m

A

Compaction

49
Q

determine required compaction

A

FDT (field density test)

50
Q

benching the materials

A

Road Widening

51
Q

painted sticks

A

Blue Tops

52
Q

Aggregate subbase course, aggregate base course

A

STABILIZING LAYERS

53
Q

structural layer. Reduce vertical compressive stress

A

As Stabilizers

54
Q

provide structural capacity, carry the load and distribute

A

In Asphalt Pavements

55
Q

spread the load

A

PCC Pavements

56
Q

dictated the materials

A

Stockpile along the roadway side

57
Q

required thickness for compaction (150 mm or less)

A

Spreading

58
Q

compacted full width, req. degree of
compaction 100%

A

Compaction

59
Q

uppermost component of the roadway, protects base.

A

CONCRETE PAVEMENTS

60
Q

PCCP

A

Portland cement concrete pavement

61
Q

placed in prepared form

A

Workability

62
Q

measure of fluidity of concrete

A

Consistency

63
Q

compressive strength of concrete mix

A

Water-Cement Ratio

64
Q

substances other than aggregates

A

Admixture

65
Q

treatment or protection applied to concrete

A

Curing Agent

66
Q

Types of Joint in PCCP

A

A. Construction Joint
B. Contraction Joint
C. Longitudinal joint
D. Expansion Joint
E. Dowels
F. Bars

67
Q

also called cold joint, interruption of more than 30 mins. Place not within 1.50m

A

Construction Joint

68
Q

also called weakened-plane joint, relieve tensile stresses, not installed random cracking will occur

A

Contraction Joint

69
Q

lanes are connected separately, deformed steel tie bars

A

Longitudinal joint

70
Q

space for expansion, 19 to 25 mm wide , filled with expansion joint fillers, dowel bars

A

Expansion Joint

71
Q

load transfer device

A

Dowels

72
Q

deformed bars used in construction

A

Bars

73
Q

made of steel, sufficient width, installed firmly, more than 1cm, alignment and grade elevations

A

SETTING OF FORMS

74
Q

provide smooth flow of continuous supple and transport of materials, periodic calibration

A

Batching of Concrete

75
Q

unloaded from truck mixers, placing should be continuous, not allowed to walk into

A

Concrete Pouring

76
Q

thoroughly consolidated along the faces. Not allowed to be operated longer than 15 seconds

A

Use of Concrete Vibrator

77
Q

use to grade concrete, moved forward on top of the forms

A

Screeding

78
Q

Concrete Finishing

A

a. Floating – longitudinal float
b. Brooming – uniform appearance, 1.5mm
depth

79
Q

hydrating

A

Concrete Curing

80
Q

earth or straw, burlap or cotton mats, waterproof paper, curing compound

A

Curing Methods

81
Q

remain in place distributed within 24hrs. crowbars used to remove forms, concrete sawing is done within 24hrs after concrete pouring.

A

Removal of Forms and Concrete Cutting

82
Q

alternative to concrete sawing

A

Weakened Plane Joint Using a template

83
Q

Pavement Protection

A

a. Against Rain – protect newly poured concrete
b. Against Traffic – protect concrete at early age

84
Q

after curing methods

A

Sealing of Joints

85
Q

flexible pavement, mineral aggregate, thickness compacted

A

Asphalt Concrete Pavement

86
Q

application of bituminous material

A

Prime Coat

87
Q

ensures adhesion

A

Tack Coat

88
Q

bituminous layer below the surface

A

Binder Course

89
Q

climax of the whole operation, smooth yet skid-resistance, part apparent

A

Wearing Course

90
Q

installed beneath or alongside the roadway, well located, properly blended

A

Drainage Structures

91
Q

backhoe is suitable for this type
of work

A

Culvert Excavation

92
Q

underlying soil at the designed bottom, meant to stabilize the foundation

A

Foundation Fill

93
Q

Culvert base, side and inner walls, culvert slabs, slope protection or retaining structures.

A

R.C. Box Culvert Construction Phases

94
Q

Erosion of Side Slope: Some of the types of slope protection structures are

A

-Grouted riprap
-Stone Masonry
-Gabions
-Plain or Reinforced Concrete

95
Q

Excavation of Foundation, Use of Batter boards as Guide, Laying of Boulders and Grout, Finishing Work, Importance of Weep Holes

A

Grouted Riprap

96
Q

backhoe ideal equipment

A

Excavation of Foundation

97
Q

good workmanship, unevenness, high areas are removed and patched

A

Use of Batterboards as Guide

98
Q

placed layer by layer alternately, laid on longest axis

A

Laying of Boulders and Grout

99
Q

cement grout is placed starting from
the bottoms to the top of the surface

A

Finishing Work

100
Q

opening provide permit draining of water

A

Importance of Weep holes

101
Q

Stone Masonry Specifications

A

a. Boulders – thickness not less than 150mm
b. Mortar – composed of one part of the Portland Cement and two parts of the fine aggregate

102
Q

foundation bed, bed that will receive stone

A

Excavating Stone Masonry Foundation

103
Q

batter boards are necessary to keep the lines and grades

A

USE OF BATTERBOARDS ESSENTIAL TO PRODUCE GOOD WORKMANSHIP

104
Q

large stones are used in corners

A

LAYING OF BOULDERS AND GROUT

105
Q

all faces should be cleaned

A

FINISHING WORK

106
Q

wire mesh is varying thickness, boulder size should be uniformly graded, boulders should be hard

A

GABION MATTRESSES

107
Q

raised rim of concrete, both form
the road surface drainage

A

Curb and Gutter

108
Q

pedestrian use, provide safety, must be wide enough

A

Concrete Sidewalk

109
Q

Types of Sidewalk

A
  • concrete paved
  • asphalt paved
110
Q

installed to mark limit of safe travel,
restrain and guide out of control

A

Guardrails

111
Q

Installation Specifications:

A

A. Location Layout
B. Post Installation
C. Beam Assembly
D. Backfilling of Drilled/Dug Holes

112
Q

shown in plans. Located near the shoulder line, less than 0.6 meters

A

Location Layout

113
Q

spacing posts should be done with accuracy

A

Post Installation

114
Q

begins at the end farthest from approaching traffic

A

Beam Assembly

115
Q

should not be completed until the rail is in place and lined up, consist dry earth

A

Backfilling of Drilled/Dug Holes

116
Q

economical alternative road protection

A

Concrete Parapet Wall

117
Q

traffic signs installed

A

Road Signs

118
Q

Types of Road Signs

A
  • Warning Signs
  • Regulatory Signs
  • Informative Sign
119
Q

Sign assembly/fabrication, surface preparation of sign blanks, application of reflectorized sheeting, installation.

A

Specifications

HRE FINALS (5 decks)

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