Road and Trail Midterm

Question 1

Areas for good control points

Answer 1

• landings
• existing roads
• ridge tops and saddles
• benches
• switchbacks

Question 2

Preferred landing gradient

Answer 2

2-5%

Question 3

Areas to avoid for control points

Answer 3

• Fish stream crossings
• Wetlands/RMZ
• Slopes over 50%
• Rock outcrops
• Middle of broad flat valleys
• Wildlife and other sensitive areas
• neighbors

Question 4

Birds eye view of a map is called

Answer 4

Plan view

Question 5

View of map from the side is called

Answer 5

Profile view

Question 6

Different road cuts (4)

Answer 6

cut and fill, full bench, through cut, and through fill

Question 7

different road surfaces (3)

Answer 7

outsloped, insloped, and crowned

Question 8

center line

Answer 8

an imaginary line that runs longitudinally along the center of the road.

Question 9

side-cast fill

Answer 9

Excavated material pushed on prepared or unprepared slope next to the excavation to construct the roadbed.

Question 10

What is a through cut

Answer 10

road cut through a hill slope or a ridge. Both sides have a cut slope.

Question 11

What is a through fill

Answer 11

Opposite of through cut. Fill slopes on both sides of road.

Question 12

Subgrade

Answer 12

Material beneath the surface material.

Question 13

Surfacing course (surfacing)

Answer 13

The top layer of the road surface.

Question 14

Maximum grade for favorable slopes

Answer 14

18%

Question 15

Maximum grade for adverse slopes

Answer 15

14%

Question 16

Grade required for landings

Answer 16

5%

Question 17

Cut and fill slope ratios

Answer 17

Cut - 1:1, fill - 1:1.3

Question 18

What is a balanced cut and fill

Answer 18

Utilizes all cut materials to generate fill material. No excess waste and no end haul.

Question 19

Elements to road planning (3)

Answer 19

avoid sensitive areas, minimize costs, and minimize length.

Question 20

Fish passage structures (3)

Answer 20

squash bottom, stream simulation, and bridge.

Question 21

Switchback gradient

Answer 21

No more than 8-10%

Question 22

Dimensions of ditch relief pipes (western WA)

Answer 22

18” x 40 ‘

Question 23

Dimensions of stream crossing pipes (western WA)

Answer 23

24” x 40’

Question 24

What is a disconnect pipe

Answer 24

Used to disconnect ditch from stream. Place 50’ away from streams.

Question 25

What is a ditch out

Answer 25

Allows water to runoff slope naturally. Found at center of switchback.

Question 26

What is running surface

Answer 26

The area of the road that you drive on