RNU

Question 1

Indapamide

Answer 1

thiazide diuretic

Question 2

furosemide

Answer 2

loop diuretic

Question 3

spironolactone

Answer 3

K+ sparing diuretic.

mineralocorticoid receptor competitive antagonist. Blocks aldosterone receptor

Useful for hyperaldosterone states (heart failure, cirrhosis)

Question 4

Amiloride

Answer 4

K+ sparing diuretic

Blocks ENaC in collecting duct

Question 5

K+ sparing diuretics

Answer 5

Work around the DCT/collecting duct
Influence about 5% of Na+ reuptake
May be combined with loop diuretics to reduce K loss

Contraindicated for CKD patients as they are normally already hyperkalaemic

Question 6

Loop diuretics

Answer 6

Inhibit Na/K/2Cl co transporter in TALH
Influence 15-25% of filtered Na
Increase K/Mg/Ca excretion –> can be used for hypercalcaemia

Side effects:
o Metabolic alkalosis
o Ototoxicity in high doses

Question 7

Thiazide diuretics

Answer 7

Act on Na/Cl cotransporter in DCT
Less potent than loop diuretics - influence 5-15% of filtered Na
Often used in hypertension

Increase K/Mg excretion, but reduce Ca excretion
o Can be used to reduce hypercalcuria (renal stones)

Question 8

bumetanide

Answer 8

loop diuretic