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RNSG 1125 SY > RNSG 1125 Medical Terminology 1 csv > Flashcards

RNSG 1125 Medical Terminology 1 csv Flashcards

1
Q

abduction

A

movement of a limb away from the midline or axis of the movement of a limb away from the midline or axis of the body

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2
Q

abscess

A

An abscess is an enclosed collection of liquefied tissue, known as pus, somewhere in the body. It is the result of the body’s defensive reaction to foreign material

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3
Q

abrasion

A

a rubbing or scraping off through unusual or abnormal action

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4
Q

acute

A

having severe symptoms and a short course

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5
Q

adduction

A

the movement of a limb toward the midline or axis of the body

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6
Q

adverse reaction

A

a result of drug therapy that is neither intended nor expected in normal therapeutic use and that causes significant, sometimes life-threatening conditions

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7
Q

alkalosis

A

abnormally high alkalinity of the blood and body fluids

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8
Q

allergic reaction

A

a local or generalized reaction of an organism to internal or external contact with a specific allergen to which the organism has been previously sensitized

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9
Q

alopecia

A

alopecia simply means hair loss

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10
Q

ampule

A

a small glass or plastic container capable of being sealed so as to preserve its contents in a sterile condition; used principally for sterile parenteral solutions

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11
Q

anaphylaxis

A

anaphylaxis is a rapidly progressing, life-threatening allergic reaction

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12
Q

antipyretic

A

an agent that reduces or prevents fever

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13
Q

antiseptic

A

a substance that inhibits the growth and development of microorganisms without necessarily killing them

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14
Q

anuria

A

complete suppression of urine formation and excretion

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15
Q

anemia

A

reduction below normal of the number of erythrocytes, quantity of hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red cells in the blood; a symptom of various diseases and disorders

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16
Q

aneurysm

A

a sac formed by localized dilatation of the wall of an artery, a vein, or the heart

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17
Q

anus

A

the opening of the rectum on the body surface; the distal orifice of the alimentary canal

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18
Q

apex

A

the pointed end of a conical part; the top of a body, organ, or part

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19
Q

aphagia

A

refusal or inability to swallow

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20
Q

apnea

A

cessation of breathing

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21
Q

ascites

A

ascites is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

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22
Q

asepsis

A

the prevention of contact with microorganisms

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23
Q

aseptic

A

free from infection or septic material

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24
Q

assessment

A

an evaluation or appraisal of a condition

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25
Q

ataxia

A

loss of the ability to coordinate muscular movement

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26
Q

atelectasis

A

atelectasis is a collapse of lung tissue affecting part or all of one lung; this condition prevents normal oxygen absorption to healthy tissues

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27
Q

atresia

A

the absence or closure of a normal body orifice or tubular passage such as the anus, intestine, or external ear canal

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28
Q

atrophy

A

a wasting or decrease in size of a body organ, tissue, or part owing to disease, injury, or lack of use

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29
Q

auditory

A

of or relating to hearing, the organs of hearing, or the sense of hearing

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30
Q

auscultation

A

the act of listening for sounds made by internal organs, as the heart and lungs, to aid in the diagnosis of certain disorders

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31
Q

axillary

A

(Anatomy) of, relating to, or near the armpit

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32
Q

benign

A

having little or no detrimental effect; harmless

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33
Q

bolus

A

a round mass; a single, relatively large dose of a drug that is administered for therapeutic purposes and taken orally; a concentrated mass of a pharmaceutical substance administered intravenously for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes; a soft mass of chewed food within the mouth or alimentary canal

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34
Q

bradycardia

A

a slowness of the heartbeat, usually under 60 beats per minute in adults

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35
Q

bradypnea

A

abnormal slowness of respiration

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36
Q

bruit

A

a sound or murmur heard in auscultation, especially an abnormal one

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37
Q

buccal

A

of, relating to, adjacent to, or in the direction of the cheek

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38
Q

bullae

A

a blister; a circumscribed, fluid-containing, elevated lesion of the skin, usually more than 5 mm in diameter

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39
Q

cannula

A

a tube for insertion into a vessel, duct, or cavity; during insertion its lumen is usually occupied by a trocar

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40
Q

canthus

A

the angle at either end of the fissure between the eyelids, lateral or medial

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41
Q

carcinoma

A

an invasive malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue that tends to metastasize to other areas of the body

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42
Q

catheter

A

a hollow flexible tube for insertion into a body cavity, duct, or vessel to allow the passage of fluids or distend a passageway. Its uses include the drainage of urine from the bladder through the urethra or insertion through a blood vessel into the heart for diagnostic purposes

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43
Q

cellulitis

A

a spreading inflammation of subcutaneous or connective tissue

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44
Q

chronic

A

of long duration. Used of a disease of slow progress and long continuance

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45
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement of a limb or of the eye

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46
Q

colostomy

A

the surgical formation of an opening from the colon onto the surface of the body, which functions as an anus

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47
Q

congenital

A

existing at, and usually before, birth; referring to conditions that are present at birth, regardless of their causation

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48
Q

contact precautions

A

procedures that reduce the risk of spread of infections through direct or indirect contact

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49
Q

contracture

A

abnormal shortening of muscle tissue, rendering the muscle highly resistant to passive stretching

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50
Q

contralateral

A

pertaining to, situated on, or affecting the opposite side

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51
Q

contusion

A

bruise; an injury of a part without a break in the skin

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52
Q

crepitus

A

a crackling chest sound heard in pneumonia and other lung diseases. (Pathology) the grating sound of two ends of a broken bone rubbing together

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53
Q

cyanosis

A

a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes resulting from inadequate oxygenation of the blood

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54
Q

cyst

A

an abnormal membranous sac in the body containing a gaseous, liquid, or semisolid substance

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55
Q

cystectomy

A

surgical removal of a cyst

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56
Q

debride

A

surgical excision of dead, devitalized, or contaminated tissue and removal of foreign matter from a wound

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57
Q

defecation

A

to void feces from the bowels

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58
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin

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59
Q

dialysis

A

the process of separating macromolecules from ions and low molecular weight compounds in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane, through which crystalloids pass readily but colloids pass slowly or not at all

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60
Q

diaphoresis

A

perspiration, especially when copious and medically induced

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61
Q

diastolic pressure

A

the lowest arterial blood pressure reached when the ventricles are relaxed

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62
Q

distal

A

anatomically located far from a point of reference, such as an origin or a point of attachment

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63
Q

diuresis

A

excessive discharge of urine

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64
Q

doff

A

to take off; remove

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65
Q

don

A

to put on

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66
Q

dorsal

A

anatomy Of, toward, on, in, or near the back or upper surface of an organ, part, or organism

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67
Q

drainage

A

the removal of fluid or purulent material from a wound or body cavity

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68
Q

droplet precautions

A

procedures that reduce the risk of droplet-borne infections

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69
Q

dyspnea

A

labored or difficult breathing

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70
Q

ecchymosis

A

the passage of blood from ruptured blood vessels into subcutaneous tissue, marked by a purple discoloration of the skin

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71
Q

eczema

A

a noncontagious inflammation of the skin, characterized chiefly by redness, itching, and the outbreak of lesions that may discharge serous matter and become encrusted and scaly

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72
Q

edema

A

an excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue spaces or a body cavity

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73
Q

embolus

A

a mass, such as an air bubble, a detached blood clot, or a foreign body, that travels through the bloodstream and lodges so as to obstruct or occlude a blood vessel

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74
Q

emesis

A

the act of vomiting

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75
Q

enema

A

a solution introduced into the rectum to promote evacuation of feces or as a means of introducing nutrients, medicinal substances, or opaque material for radiologic examination of the lower intestinal tract

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76
Q

enteral

A

within the small intestine, or via the small intestine

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77
Q

epigastric

A

pertaining to the epigastrium, the area above the stomach

78
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed; hemorrhage from the nose, usually due to rupture of small vessels overlying the anterior part of the cartilaginous nasal septum

79
Q

erythema

A

redness of the skin due to congestion of the capillaries

80
Q

eschar

A

a slough produced by a thermal burn, by a corrosive application, or by gangrene

81
Q

eupnea

A

easy, free respiration, as is observed normally under resting conditions

82
Q

excoriation

A

an injury to a surface of the body caused by trauma, such as scratching, abrasion, or a chemical or thermal burn

83
Q

expectorate

A

to clear out the chest and lungs by coughing up and spitting out matter

84
Q

extremity

A

the distal or terminal portion of elongated or pointed structures

85
Q

exudate

A

a fluid that has exuded out of a tissue or its capillaries due to injury or inflammation

86
Q

febrile

A

pertaining to or characterized by fever

87
Q

feces

A

waste matter discharged from the intestine

88
Q

fissure

A

a break in the skin, usually where it joins a mucous membrane, producing a crack like sore or ulcer. A normal groove or furrow, as in the liver or brain that divides an organ into lobes or parts

89
Q

fistula

A

an abnormal duct or passage resulting from injury, disease, or a congenital disorder that connects an abscess, cavity, or hollow organ to the body surface or to another hollow organ

90
Q

flatus

A

gas generated in or expelled from the digestive tract, especially the stomach or intestines

91
Q

flora

A

the bacteria and fungi, both normally occurring and pathological, found in or on an organ

92
Q

fracture

A

the breaking of a part, especially a bone

93
Q

friction

A

the rubbing of one object or surface against another

94
Q

flexion

A

the act of bending a joint or limb i the body by the action of flexors

95
Q

gait

A

a particular way or manner of moving on foot

96
Q

gastroinestinal

A

relating to the stomach and intestines

97
Q

gastrostomy

A

establishment of a new opening into the stomach

98
Q

genitourinary

A

relating to the organs of reproduction and urination collectively

99
Q

glycosuria

A

the presence of glucose in the urine

100
Q

gross

A

coarse or large, visible to the naked eye without the use of magnification

101
Q

guaiac

A

guaiac test one for occult blood; glacial acetic acid and guaiac are mixed with the specimen; in addition of hydrogen peroxide, the presence of blood is indicated by a blue tint

102
Q

gynecomastia

A

abnormal enlargement of the breasts in a male

103
Q

hematoma

A

a localized swelling filled with blood resulting from a break in a blood vessel

104
Q

hematuria

A

the presence of blood in the urine

105
Q

hygiene

A

the science that deals with the promotion and preservation of health

106
Q

hydronephrosis

A

the dilation of the pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys because of the accumulation of urine resulting from obstruction of urine outflow

107
Q

hypercapnia

A

an abnormally high concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood, usually caused by acute respiratory failure from conditions such as asthma and obstructive pulmonary disease; it can lead to seizures and death if acute and untreated

108
Q

hyperplasia

A

an abnormal increase in the number of cells in an organ or a tissue with consequent enlargement

109
Q

hypertension

A

abnormally elevated arterial blood pressure

110
Q

hypertrophy

A

a non-tumorous enlargement of an organ or a tissue as a result of an increase in the size rather than the number of constituent cells

111
Q

hypotension

A

abnormally low arterial blood pressure

112
Q

hypoxemia

A

insufficient oxygenation of the blood

113
Q

hypoxia

A

deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching body tissues

114
Q

idiosyncratic reaction

A

an uncommon response to a drug because of a genetic predisposition. It usually manifests as an abnormally short or abnormally large or long response to the drug, but it is possible for the response to be qualitatively different

115
Q

ileostomy

A

surgical creation of an opening into the ileum, with a stoma on the abdominal wall

116
Q

incotinence

A

inability to control excretory functions

117
Q

intradermal

A

within the dermis

118
Q

intramuscular

A

within the muscular substance

119
Q

intravenous

A

within or administered into a vein

120
Q

integument

A

the enveloping membrane of the body, including the dermis, epidermis, hair, nails, and sebaceous, sweat, and mammary glands

121
Q

keloid

A

a sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar due to excessive collagen formation in the dermis during connective tissue

122
Q

laceration

A

a jagged wound or cut

123
Q

lateral

A

relating to or situated at or on the side

124
Q

lumen

A

the cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ

125
Q

maceration

A

the softening and breaking down of skin resulting from prolonged exposure to moisture

126
Q

malignant

A

the term literally means growing worse and resisting treatment. It is used as a synonym for cancerous and connotes a harmful condition that generally is life-threatening

127
Q

medial

A

situated toward the median plane or midline of the body or a structure

128
Q

melanoma

A

a tumor arising from the melanocytic system of the skin and other organs

129
Q

micturition

A

the discharge of urine

130
Q

murmur

A

an auscultatory sound, particularly a periodic sound of short duration of cardiac or vascular origin

131
Q

narcotic

A

a drug derived from opium or opium like compounds, with potent analgesic effects associated with significant alteration of mood and behavior, and with the potential for dependence and tolerance following repeated administration

132
Q

nebulizer

A

a device used to reduce liquid to an extremely fine cloud, especially for delivering medication to the deep part of the respiratory tract

133
Q

necrosis

A

the morphological changes indicative of cell death caused by progressive enzymatic degradation; it may affect groups of cells or part of a structure or an organ

134
Q

neuropathy

A

a functional disturbance or pathological change in the peripheral nervous system, sometimes limited to non-inflammatory lesions as opposed to those of neuritis

135
Q

nocturia

A

excessive urination at night

136
Q

nosocomial

A

of or being a secondary disorder associated with being treated in a hospital but unrelated to the patient’s primary condition

137
Q

oliguria

A

diminished urine production and excretion in relation to fluid intake

138
Q

ophthalmic

A

of or relating to or resembling the eye; “ocular muscles”; “an ocular organ”; “ocular diseases”; “the optic (or optical) axis of the eye”

139
Q

orifice

A

an opening, especially to a cavity or passage of the body; a mouth or vent

140
Q

orthopnea

A

form of dyspnea in which the person can breathe comfortably only when standing or sitting erect; associated with asthma and emphysema and angina pectoris

141
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

low blood pressure occurring in some people when they stand up

142
Q

otoscope

A

an instrument for examining the interior of the ear, especially the eardrum, consisting essentially of a magnifying lens and a light

143
Q

oximetry

A

a device for measuring the oxygen saturation of arterial blood, especially a pulse oximeter

144
Q

oxygen saturation

A

the fraction of the hemoglobin molecules in a blood sample that are saturated with oxygen at a given partial pressure of oxygen; normal saturation is 95%-100%

145
Q

pallor

A

paleness, as of the skin

146
Q

palpation

A

the act of feeling with the hand; the application of the fingers with light pressure to the surface of the body for the purpose of determining the condition of the parts beneath in physical diagnosis

147
Q

papule

A

a small, circumscribed, solid, elevated lesion of the skin

148
Q

paradoxical reaction

A

is an effect of medical treatment, usually a drug, opposite to the effect which would normally be expected

149
Q

parenteral

A

administered by means other than through the alimentary tract (as by intramuscular or intravenous injection)

150
Q

patent

A

open, unobstructed, or not closed

151
Q

peristaliss

A

the wormlike movement by which the alimentary canal or other tubular organs having both longitudinal and circular muscle fibers propel their contents, consisting of a wave of contraction passing along the tube for variable distances

152
Q

petechiae

A

numerous tiny purple or red spots appearing on the skin as a result of tiny hemorrhages within the dermal or sub mucosal layers

153
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

154
Q

phlebotomy

A

the act or practice of opening a vein to let or draw blood as a therapeutic or diagnostic measure

155
Q

polypharmacy

A

the practice of prescribing multiple medications for an individual patient, especially excessively, for a single disease

156
Q

polyuria

A

excessive passage of urine, as in diabetes

157
Q

prone

A

lying with the front or face downward

158
Q

proteinuria

A

the presence of excessive amounts of protein in the urine

159
Q

proximal

A

anatomy situated close to the centre, median line, or point of attachment or origin

160
Q

pruritus

A

an irritating skin sensation causing a desire to scratch/itch

161
Q

psoriasis

A

a noncontagious inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurring reddish patches covered with silvery scales

162
Q

pulse

A

the rhythmical throbbing of arteries produced by the regular contractions of the heart, especially as palpated at the wrist or in the neck

163
Q

pulse deficit

A

the difference between the heart rate and the palpable pulse, as is often seen in atrial fibrillation

164
Q

pulse pressure

A

the variation in blood pressure occurring in an artery during the cardiac cycle; the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures

165
Q

purulent

A

containing, discharging, or causing the production of pus

166
Q

pus

A

a protein-rich liquid inflammation product made up of leukocytes, cellular debris, and a thin fluid

167
Q

respirations

A

the action or process of inhaling and exhaling; breathing

168
Q

sclera

A

the tough white fibrous outer envelope of tissue covering all of the eyeball except the cornea. Also called sclerotic, sclerotic coat

169
Q

sepsis

A

systemic infection by pathogenic microorganisms, especially bacteria, that have invaded the bloodstream, usually from a local source

170
Q

septicemia

A

systemic infection of the blood by pathogenic microorganisms, especially bacteria, that originate from a localized source

171
Q

serous

A

containing, secreting, or resembling serum

172
Q

sputum

A

matter coughed up and usually ejected from the mouth, including saliva, foreign material, and substances such as mucus or phlegm, from the respiratory tract

173
Q

standard precautions

A

a method of infection control—recommended by the CDC—in which all human blood, certain body fluids, as well as fresh tissues and cells of human origin are handled as if they are known to be infected with HIV, HBV, and/or other blood-borne pathogens

174
Q

stasis

A

a stoppage or diminution of flow, as of blood or other body fluid

175
Q

stenois

A

stricture; an abnormal narrowing or contraction of a duct or canal

176
Q

sterile

A

free from all live bacteria or other microorganisms and their spores

177
Q

stoma

A

a mouthlike opening, particularly an incised opening which is kept open for drainage or other purposes

178
Q

stool

A

evacuated fecal matter

179
Q

supine

A

lying with the face upward, or on the dorsal surface

180
Q

tachycardia

A

abnormally rapid heart rate

181
Q

tachypnea

A

very rapid respiration

182
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

thrombophlebitis is the inflammation of a vein with blood clot formation inside the vein at the site of the inflammation

183
Q

transfusion

A

transfusion is the process of transferring whole blood or blood components from one person (donor) to another (recipient)

184
Q

umbilicus

A

the navel; the scar marking the site of attachment of the umbilical cord in the fetus

185
Q

urostomy

A

surgical construction of an artificial excretory opening from the urinary tract

186
Q

urticaria

A

a skin condition characterized by the formation of itchy red or whitish raised patches, usually caused by an allergy

187
Q

vertigo

A

the sensation of dizziness

188
Q

vital signs

A

body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure as measured to assess health or dysfunction

189
Q

void

A

to excrete body wastes

190
Q

vomitus

A

pertaining to the material expelled from the stomach during vomiting

RNSG 1125 SY (2 decks)

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