RNSG 1125 Medical Terminology 1 csv Flashcards
1
Q
abduction
A
movement of a limb away from the midline or axis of the movement of a limb away from the midline or axis of the body
2
Q
abscess
A
An abscess is an enclosed collection of liquefied tissue, known as pus, somewhere in the body. It is the result of the body’s defensive reaction to foreign material
3
Q
abrasion
A
a rubbing or scraping off through unusual or abnormal action
4
Q
acute
A
having severe symptoms and a short course
5
Q
adduction
A
the movement of a limb toward the midline or axis of the body
6
Q
adverse reaction
A
a result of drug therapy that is neither intended nor expected in normal therapeutic use and that causes significant, sometimes life-threatening conditions
7
Q
alkalosis
A
abnormally high alkalinity of the blood and body fluids
8
Q
allergic reaction
A
a local or generalized reaction of an organism to internal or external contact with a specific allergen to which the organism has been previously sensitized
9
Q
alopecia
A
alopecia simply means hair loss
10
Q
ampule
A
a small glass or plastic container capable of being sealed so as to preserve its contents in a sterile condition; used principally for sterile parenteral solutions
11
Q
anaphylaxis
A
anaphylaxis is a rapidly progressing, life-threatening allergic reaction
12
Q
antipyretic
A
an agent that reduces or prevents fever
13
Q
antiseptic
A
a substance that inhibits the growth and development of microorganisms without necessarily killing them
14
Q
anuria
A
complete suppression of urine formation and excretion
15
Q
anemia
A
reduction below normal of the number of erythrocytes, quantity of hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red cells in the blood; a symptom of various diseases and disorders
16
Q
aneurysm
A
a sac formed by localized dilatation of the wall of an artery, a vein, or the heart
17
Q
anus
A
the opening of the rectum on the body surface; the distal orifice of the alimentary canal
18
Q
apex
A
the pointed end of a conical part; the top of a body, organ, or part
19
Q
aphagia
A
refusal or inability to swallow
20
Q
apnea
A
cessation of breathing
21
Q
ascites
A
ascites is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
22
Q
asepsis
A
the prevention of contact with microorganisms
23
Q
aseptic
A
free from infection or septic material
24
Q
assessment
A
an evaluation or appraisal of a condition
25
ataxia
loss of the ability to coordinate muscular movement
26
atelectasis
atelectasis is a collapse of lung tissue affecting part or all of one lung; this condition prevents normal oxygen absorption to healthy tissues
27
atresia
the absence or closure of a normal body orifice or tubular passage such as the anus, intestine, or external ear canal
28
atrophy
a wasting or decrease in size of a body organ, tissue, or part owing to disease, injury, or lack of use
29
auditory
of or relating to hearing, the organs of hearing, or the sense of hearing
30
auscultation
the act of listening for sounds made by internal organs, as the heart and lungs, to aid in the diagnosis of certain disorders
31
axillary
(Anatomy) of, relating to, or near the armpit
32
benign
having little or no detrimental effect; harmless
33
bolus
a round mass; a single, relatively large dose of a drug that is administered for therapeutic purposes and taken orally; a concentrated mass of a pharmaceutical substance administered intravenously for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes; a soft mass of chewed food within the mouth or alimentary canal
34
bradycardia
a slowness of the heartbeat, usually under 60 beats per minute in adults
35
bradypnea
abnormal slowness of respiration
36
bruit
a sound or murmur heard in auscultation, especially an abnormal one
37
buccal
of, relating to, adjacent to, or in the direction of the cheek
38
bullae
a blister; a circumscribed, fluid-containing, elevated lesion of the skin, usually more than 5 mm in diameter
39
cannula
a tube for insertion into a vessel, duct, or cavity; during insertion its lumen is usually occupied by a trocar
40
canthus
the angle at either end of the fissure between the eyelids, lateral or medial
41
carcinoma
an invasive malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue that tends to metastasize to other areas of the body
42
catheter
a hollow flexible tube for insertion into a body cavity, duct, or vessel to allow the passage of fluids or distend a passageway. Its uses include the drainage of urine from the bladder through the urethra or insertion through a blood vessel into the heart for diagnostic purposes
43
cellulitis
a spreading inflammation of subcutaneous or connective tissue
44
chronic
of long duration. Used of a disease of slow progress and long continuance
45
circumduction
circular movement of a limb or of the eye
46
colostomy
the surgical formation of an opening from the colon onto the surface of the body, which functions as an anus
47
congenital
existing at, and usually before, birth; referring to conditions that are present at birth, regardless of their causation
48
contact precautions
procedures that reduce the risk of spread of infections through direct or indirect contact
49
contracture
abnormal shortening of muscle tissue, rendering the muscle highly resistant to passive stretching
50
contralateral
pertaining to, situated on, or affecting the opposite side
51
contusion
bruise; an injury of a part without a break in the skin
52
crepitus
a crackling chest sound heard in pneumonia and other lung diseases. (Pathology) the grating sound of two ends of a broken bone rubbing together
53
cyanosis
a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes resulting from inadequate oxygenation of the blood
54
cyst
an abnormal membranous sac in the body containing a gaseous, liquid, or semisolid substance
55
cystectomy
surgical removal of a cyst
56
debride
surgical excision of dead, devitalized, or contaminated tissue and removal of foreign matter from a wound
57
defecation
to void feces from the bowels
58
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
59
dialysis
the process of separating macromolecules from ions and low molecular weight compounds in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane, through which crystalloids pass readily but colloids pass slowly or not at all
60
diaphoresis
perspiration, especially when copious and medically induced
61
diastolic pressure
the lowest arterial blood pressure reached when the ventricles are relaxed
62
distal
anatomically located far from a point of reference, such as an origin or a point of attachment
63
diuresis
excessive discharge of urine
64
doff
to take off; remove
65
don
to put on
66
dorsal
anatomy Of, toward, on, in, or near the back or upper surface of an organ, part, or organism
67
drainage
the removal of fluid or purulent material from a wound or body cavity
68
droplet precautions
procedures that reduce the risk of droplet-borne infections
69
dyspnea
labored or difficult breathing
70
ecchymosis
the passage of blood from ruptured blood vessels into subcutaneous tissue, marked by a purple discoloration of the skin
71
eczema
a noncontagious inflammation of the skin, characterized chiefly by redness, itching, and the outbreak of lesions that may discharge serous matter and become encrusted and scaly
72
edema
an excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue spaces or a body cavity
73
embolus
a mass, such as an air bubble, a detached blood clot, or a foreign body, that travels through the bloodstream and lodges so as to obstruct or occlude a blood vessel
74
emesis
the act of vomiting
75
enema
a solution introduced into the rectum to promote evacuation of feces or as a means of introducing nutrients, medicinal substances, or opaque material for radiologic examination of the lower intestinal tract
76
enteral
within the small intestine, or via the small intestine
77
epigastric
pertaining to the epigastrium, the area above the stomach
78
epistaxis
nosebleed; hemorrhage from the nose, usually due to rupture of small vessels overlying the anterior part of the cartilaginous nasal septum
79
erythema
redness of the skin due to congestion of the capillaries
80
eschar
a slough produced by a thermal burn, by a corrosive application, or by gangrene
81
eupnea
easy, free respiration, as is observed normally under resting conditions
82
excoriation
an injury to a surface of the body caused by trauma, such as scratching, abrasion, or a chemical or thermal burn
83
expectorate
to clear out the chest and lungs by coughing up and spitting out matter
84
extremity
the distal or terminal portion of elongated or pointed structures
85
exudate
a fluid that has exuded out of a tissue or its capillaries due to injury or inflammation
86
febrile
pertaining to or characterized by fever
87
feces
waste matter discharged from the intestine
88
fissure
a break in the skin, usually where it joins a mucous membrane, producing a crack like sore or ulcer. A normal groove or furrow, as in the liver or brain that divides an organ into lobes or parts
89
fistula
an abnormal duct or passage resulting from injury, disease, or a congenital disorder that connects an abscess, cavity, or hollow organ to the body surface or to another hollow organ
90
flatus
gas generated in or expelled from the digestive tract, especially the stomach or intestines
91
flora
the bacteria and fungi, both normally occurring and pathological, found in or on an organ
92
fracture
the breaking of a part, especially a bone
93
friction
the rubbing of one object or surface against another
94
flexion
the act of bending a joint or limb i the body by the action of flexors
95
gait
a particular way or manner of moving on foot
96
gastroinestinal
relating to the stomach and intestines
97
gastrostomy
establishment of a new opening into the stomach
98
genitourinary
relating to the organs of reproduction and urination collectively
99
glycosuria
the presence of glucose in the urine
100
gross
coarse or large, visible to the naked eye without the use of magnification
101
guaiac
guaiac test one for occult blood; glacial acetic acid and guaiac are mixed with the specimen; in addition of hydrogen peroxide, the presence of blood is indicated by a blue tint
102
gynecomastia
abnormal enlargement of the breasts in a male
103
hematoma
a localized swelling filled with blood resulting from a break in a blood vessel
104
hematuria
the presence of blood in the urine
105
hygiene
the science that deals with the promotion and preservation of health
106
hydronephrosis
the dilation of the pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys because of the accumulation of urine resulting from obstruction of urine outflow
107
hypercapnia
an abnormally high concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood, usually caused by acute respiratory failure from conditions such as asthma and obstructive pulmonary disease; it can lead to seizures and death if acute and untreated
108
hyperplasia
an abnormal increase in the number of cells in an organ or a tissue with consequent enlargement
109
hypertension
abnormally elevated arterial blood pressure
110
hypertrophy
a non-tumorous enlargement of an organ or a tissue as a result of an increase in the size rather than the number of constituent cells
111
hypotension
abnormally low arterial blood pressure
112
hypoxemia
insufficient oxygenation of the blood
113
hypoxia
deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching body tissues
114
idiosyncratic reaction
an uncommon response to a drug because of a genetic predisposition. It usually manifests as an abnormally short or abnormally large or long response to the drug, but it is possible for the response to be qualitatively different
115
ileostomy
surgical creation of an opening into the ileum, with a stoma on the abdominal wall
116
incotinence
inability to control excretory functions
117
intradermal
within the dermis
118
intramuscular
within the muscular substance
119
intravenous
within or administered into a vein
120
integument
the enveloping membrane of the body, including the dermis, epidermis, hair, nails, and sebaceous, sweat, and mammary glands
121
keloid
a sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar due to excessive collagen formation in the dermis during connective tissue
122
laceration
a jagged wound or cut
123
lateral
relating to or situated at or on the side
124
lumen
the cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ
125
maceration
the softening and breaking down of skin resulting from prolonged exposure to moisture
126
malignant
the term literally means growing worse and resisting treatment. It is used as a synonym for cancerous and connotes a harmful condition that generally is life-threatening
127
medial
situated toward the median plane or midline of the body or a structure
128
melanoma
a tumor arising from the melanocytic system of the skin and other organs
129
micturition
the discharge of urine
130
murmur
an auscultatory sound, particularly a periodic sound of short duration of cardiac or vascular origin
131
narcotic
a drug derived from opium or opium like compounds, with potent analgesic effects associated with significant alteration of mood and behavior, and with the potential for dependence and tolerance following repeated administration
132
nebulizer
a device used to reduce liquid to an extremely fine cloud, especially for delivering medication to the deep part of the respiratory tract
133
necrosis
the morphological changes indicative of cell death caused by progressive enzymatic degradation; it may affect groups of cells or part of a structure or an organ
134
neuropathy
a functional disturbance or pathological change in the peripheral nervous system, sometimes limited to non-inflammatory lesions as opposed to those of neuritis
135
nocturia
excessive urination at night
136
nosocomial
of or being a secondary disorder associated with being treated in a hospital but unrelated to the patient's primary condition
137
oliguria
diminished urine production and excretion in relation to fluid intake
138
ophthalmic
of or relating to or resembling the eye; "ocular muscles"; "an ocular organ"; "ocular diseases"; "the optic (or optical) axis of the eye"
139
orifice
an opening, especially to a cavity or passage of the body; a mouth or vent
140
orthopnea
form of dyspnea in which the person can breathe comfortably only when standing or sitting erect; associated with asthma and emphysema and angina pectoris
141
orthostatic hypotension
low blood pressure occurring in some people when they stand up
142
otoscope
an instrument for examining the interior of the ear, especially the eardrum, consisting essentially of a magnifying lens and a light
143
oximetry
a device for measuring the oxygen saturation of arterial blood, especially a pulse oximeter
144
oxygen saturation
the fraction of the hemoglobin molecules in a blood sample that are saturated with oxygen at a given partial pressure of oxygen; normal saturation is 95%-100%
145
pallor
paleness, as of the skin
146
palpation
the act of feeling with the hand; the application of the fingers with light pressure to the surface of the body for the purpose of determining the condition of the parts beneath in physical diagnosis
147
papule
a small, circumscribed, solid, elevated lesion of the skin
148
paradoxical reaction
is an effect of medical treatment, usually a drug, opposite to the effect which would normally be expected
149
parenteral
administered by means other than through the alimentary tract (as by intramuscular or intravenous injection)
150
patent
open, unobstructed, or not closed
151
peristaliss
the wormlike movement by which the alimentary canal or other tubular organs having both longitudinal and circular muscle fibers propel their contents, consisting of a wave of contraction passing along the tube for variable distances
152
petechiae
numerous tiny purple or red spots appearing on the skin as a result of tiny hemorrhages within the dermal or sub mucosal layers
153
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
154
phlebotomy
the act or practice of opening a vein to let or draw blood as a therapeutic or diagnostic measure
155
polypharmacy
the practice of prescribing multiple medications for an individual patient, especially excessively, for a single disease
156
polyuria
excessive passage of urine, as in diabetes
157
prone
lying with the front or face downward
158
proteinuria
the presence of excessive amounts of protein in the urine
159
proximal
anatomy situated close to the centre, median line, or point of attachment or origin
160
pruritus
an irritating skin sensation causing a desire to scratch/itch
161
psoriasis
a noncontagious inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurring reddish patches covered with silvery scales
162
pulse
the rhythmical throbbing of arteries produced by the regular contractions of the heart, especially as palpated at the wrist or in the neck
163
pulse deficit
the difference between the heart rate and the palpable pulse, as is often seen in atrial fibrillation
164
pulse pressure
the variation in blood pressure occurring in an artery during the cardiac cycle; the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures
165
purulent
containing, discharging, or causing the production of pus
166
pus
a protein-rich liquid inflammation product made up of leukocytes, cellular debris, and a thin fluid
167
respirations
the action or process of inhaling and exhaling; breathing
168
sclera
the tough white fibrous outer envelope of tissue covering all of the eyeball except the cornea. Also called sclerotic, sclerotic coat
169
sepsis
systemic infection by pathogenic microorganisms, especially bacteria, that have invaded the bloodstream, usually from a local source
170
septicemia
systemic infection of the blood by pathogenic microorganisms, especially bacteria, that originate from a localized source
171
serous
containing, secreting, or resembling serum
172
sputum
matter coughed up and usually ejected from the mouth, including saliva, foreign material, and substances such as mucus or phlegm, from the respiratory tract
173
standard precautions
a method of infection control—recommended by the CDC—in which all human blood, certain body fluids, as well as fresh tissues and cells of human origin are handled as if they are known to be infected with HIV, HBV, and/or other blood-borne pathogens
174
stasis
a stoppage or diminution of flow, as of blood or other body fluid
175
stenois
stricture; an abnormal narrowing or contraction of a duct or canal
176
sterile
free from all live bacteria or other microorganisms and their spores
177
stoma
a mouthlike opening, particularly an incised opening which is kept open for drainage or other purposes
178
stool
evacuated fecal matter
179
supine
lying with the face upward, or on the dorsal surface
180
tachycardia
abnormally rapid heart rate
181
tachypnea
very rapid respiration
182
thrombophlebitis
thrombophlebitis is the inflammation of a vein with blood clot formation inside the vein at the site of the inflammation
183
transfusion
transfusion is the process of transferring whole blood or blood components from one person (donor) to another (recipient)
184
umbilicus
the navel; the scar marking the site of attachment of the umbilical cord in the fetus
185
urostomy
surgical construction of an artificial excretory opening from the urinary tract
186
urticaria
a skin condition characterized by the formation of itchy red or whitish raised patches, usually caused by an allergy
187
vertigo
the sensation of dizziness
188
vital signs
body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure as measured to assess health or dysfunction
189
void
to excrete body wastes
190
vomitus
pertaining to the material expelled from the stomach during vomiting
