RNSG 1125 Medical Terminology 1 csv Flashcards
abduction
movement of a limb away from the midline or axis of the movement of a limb away from the midline or axis of the body
abscess
An abscess is an enclosed collection of liquefied tissue, known as pus, somewhere in the body. It is the result of the body’s defensive reaction to foreign material
abrasion
a rubbing or scraping off through unusual or abnormal action
acute
having severe symptoms and a short course
adduction
the movement of a limb toward the midline or axis of the body
adverse reaction
a result of drug therapy that is neither intended nor expected in normal therapeutic use and that causes significant, sometimes life-threatening conditions
alkalosis
abnormally high alkalinity of the blood and body fluids
allergic reaction
a local or generalized reaction of an organism to internal or external contact with a specific allergen to which the organism has been previously sensitized
alopecia
alopecia simply means hair loss
ampule
a small glass or plastic container capable of being sealed so as to preserve its contents in a sterile condition; used principally for sterile parenteral solutions
anaphylaxis
anaphylaxis is a rapidly progressing, life-threatening allergic reaction
antipyretic
an agent that reduces or prevents fever
antiseptic
a substance that inhibits the growth and development of microorganisms without necessarily killing them
anuria
complete suppression of urine formation and excretion
anemia
reduction below normal of the number of erythrocytes, quantity of hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red cells in the blood; a symptom of various diseases and disorders
aneurysm
a sac formed by localized dilatation of the wall of an artery, a vein, or the heart
anus
the opening of the rectum on the body surface; the distal orifice of the alimentary canal
apex
the pointed end of a conical part; the top of a body, organ, or part
aphagia
refusal or inability to swallow
apnea
cessation of breathing
ascites
ascites is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
asepsis
the prevention of contact with microorganisms
aseptic
free from infection or septic material
assessment
an evaluation or appraisal of a condition
ataxia
loss of the ability to coordinate muscular movement
atelectasis
atelectasis is a collapse of lung tissue affecting part or all of one lung; this condition prevents normal oxygen absorption to healthy tissues
atresia
the absence or closure of a normal body orifice or tubular passage such as the anus, intestine, or external ear canal
atrophy
a wasting or decrease in size of a body organ, tissue, or part owing to disease, injury, or lack of use
auditory
of or relating to hearing, the organs of hearing, or the sense of hearing
auscultation
the act of listening for sounds made by internal organs, as the heart and lungs, to aid in the diagnosis of certain disorders
axillary
(Anatomy) of, relating to, or near the armpit
benign
having little or no detrimental effect; harmless
bolus
a round mass; a single, relatively large dose of a drug that is administered for therapeutic purposes and taken orally; a concentrated mass of a pharmaceutical substance administered intravenously for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes; a soft mass of chewed food within the mouth or alimentary canal
bradycardia
a slowness of the heartbeat, usually under 60 beats per minute in adults
bradypnea
abnormal slowness of respiration
bruit
a sound or murmur heard in auscultation, especially an abnormal one
buccal
of, relating to, adjacent to, or in the direction of the cheek
bullae
a blister; a circumscribed, fluid-containing, elevated lesion of the skin, usually more than 5 mm in diameter
cannula
a tube for insertion into a vessel, duct, or cavity; during insertion its lumen is usually occupied by a trocar
canthus
the angle at either end of the fissure between the eyelids, lateral or medial
carcinoma
an invasive malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue that tends to metastasize to other areas of the body
catheter
a hollow flexible tube for insertion into a body cavity, duct, or vessel to allow the passage of fluids or distend a passageway. Its uses include the drainage of urine from the bladder through the urethra or insertion through a blood vessel into the heart for diagnostic purposes
cellulitis
a spreading inflammation of subcutaneous or connective tissue
chronic
of long duration. Used of a disease of slow progress and long continuance
circumduction
circular movement of a limb or of the eye
colostomy
the surgical formation of an opening from the colon onto the surface of the body, which functions as an anus
congenital
existing at, and usually before, birth; referring to conditions that are present at birth, regardless of their causation
contact precautions
procedures that reduce the risk of spread of infections through direct or indirect contact
contracture
abnormal shortening of muscle tissue, rendering the muscle highly resistant to passive stretching
contralateral
pertaining to, situated on, or affecting the opposite side
contusion
bruise; an injury of a part without a break in the skin
crepitus
a crackling chest sound heard in pneumonia and other lung diseases. (Pathology) the grating sound of two ends of a broken bone rubbing together
cyanosis
a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes resulting from inadequate oxygenation of the blood
cyst
an abnormal membranous sac in the body containing a gaseous, liquid, or semisolid substance
cystectomy
surgical removal of a cyst
debride
surgical excision of dead, devitalized, or contaminated tissue and removal of foreign matter from a wound
defecation
to void feces from the bowels
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
dialysis
the process of separating macromolecules from ions and low molecular weight compounds in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane, through which crystalloids pass readily but colloids pass slowly or not at all
diaphoresis
perspiration, especially when copious and medically induced
diastolic pressure
the lowest arterial blood pressure reached when the ventricles are relaxed
distal
anatomically located far from a point of reference, such as an origin or a point of attachment
diuresis
excessive discharge of urine
doff
to take off; remove
don
to put on
dorsal
anatomy Of, toward, on, in, or near the back or upper surface of an organ, part, or organism
drainage
the removal of fluid or purulent material from a wound or body cavity
droplet precautions
procedures that reduce the risk of droplet-borne infections
dyspnea
labored or difficult breathing
ecchymosis
the passage of blood from ruptured blood vessels into subcutaneous tissue, marked by a purple discoloration of the skin
eczema
a noncontagious inflammation of the skin, characterized chiefly by redness, itching, and the outbreak of lesions that may discharge serous matter and become encrusted and scaly
edema
an excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue spaces or a body cavity
embolus
a mass, such as an air bubble, a detached blood clot, or a foreign body, that travels through the bloodstream and lodges so as to obstruct or occlude a blood vessel
emesis
the act of vomiting
enema
a solution introduced into the rectum to promote evacuation of feces or as a means of introducing nutrients, medicinal substances, or opaque material for radiologic examination of the lower intestinal tract
enteral
within the small intestine, or via the small intestine
epigastric
pertaining to the epigastrium, the area above the stomach
epistaxis
nosebleed; hemorrhage from the nose, usually due to rupture of small vessels overlying the anterior part of the cartilaginous nasal septum
erythema
redness of the skin due to congestion of the capillaries
eschar
a slough produced by a thermal burn, by a corrosive application, or by gangrene
eupnea
easy, free respiration, as is observed normally under resting conditions
excoriation
an injury to a surface of the body caused by trauma, such as scratching, abrasion, or a chemical or thermal burn
expectorate
to clear out the chest and lungs by coughing up and spitting out matter
extremity
the distal or terminal portion of elongated or pointed structures
exudate
a fluid that has exuded out of a tissue or its capillaries due to injury or inflammation
febrile
pertaining to or characterized by fever
feces
waste matter discharged from the intestine
fissure
a break in the skin, usually where it joins a mucous membrane, producing a crack like sore or ulcer. A normal groove or furrow, as in the liver or brain that divides an organ into lobes or parts
fistula
an abnormal duct or passage resulting from injury, disease, or a congenital disorder that connects an abscess, cavity, or hollow organ to the body surface or to another hollow organ
flatus
gas generated in or expelled from the digestive tract, especially the stomach or intestines
flora
the bacteria and fungi, both normally occurring and pathological, found in or on an organ
fracture
the breaking of a part, especially a bone
friction
the rubbing of one object or surface against another
flexion
the act of bending a joint or limb i the body by the action of flexors
gait
a particular way or manner of moving on foot
gastroinestinal
relating to the stomach and intestines
gastrostomy
establishment of a new opening into the stomach
genitourinary
relating to the organs of reproduction and urination collectively
glycosuria
the presence of glucose in the urine
gross
coarse or large, visible to the naked eye without the use of magnification
guaiac
guaiac test one for occult blood; glacial acetic acid and guaiac are mixed with the specimen; in addition of hydrogen peroxide, the presence of blood is indicated by a blue tint
gynecomastia
abnormal enlargement of the breasts in a male
hematoma
a localized swelling filled with blood resulting from a break in a blood vessel
hematuria
the presence of blood in the urine
hygiene
the science that deals with the promotion and preservation of health
hydronephrosis
the dilation of the pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys because of the accumulation of urine resulting from obstruction of urine outflow
hypercapnia
an abnormally high concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood, usually caused by acute respiratory failure from conditions such as asthma and obstructive pulmonary disease; it can lead to seizures and death if acute and untreated
hyperplasia
an abnormal increase in the number of cells in an organ or a tissue with consequent enlargement
hypertension
abnormally elevated arterial blood pressure
hypertrophy
a non-tumorous enlargement of an organ or a tissue as a result of an increase in the size rather than the number of constituent cells
hypotension
abnormally low arterial blood pressure
hypoxemia
insufficient oxygenation of the blood
hypoxia
deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching body tissues
idiosyncratic reaction
an uncommon response to a drug because of a genetic predisposition. It usually manifests as an abnormally short or abnormally large or long response to the drug, but it is possible for the response to be qualitatively different
ileostomy
surgical creation of an opening into the ileum, with a stoma on the abdominal wall
incotinence
inability to control excretory functions
intradermal
within the dermis
intramuscular
within the muscular substance
intravenous
within or administered into a vein
integument
the enveloping membrane of the body, including the dermis, epidermis, hair, nails, and sebaceous, sweat, and mammary glands
keloid
a sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar due to excessive collagen formation in the dermis during connective tissue
laceration
a jagged wound or cut
lateral
relating to or situated at or on the side
lumen
the cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ
maceration
the softening and breaking down of skin resulting from prolonged exposure to moisture
malignant
the term literally means growing worse and resisting treatment. It is used as a synonym for cancerous and connotes a harmful condition that generally is life-threatening
medial
situated toward the median plane or midline of the body or a structure
melanoma
a tumor arising from the melanocytic system of the skin and other organs
micturition
the discharge of urine
murmur
an auscultatory sound, particularly a periodic sound of short duration of cardiac or vascular origin
narcotic
a drug derived from opium or opium like compounds, with potent analgesic effects associated with significant alteration of mood and behavior, and with the potential for dependence and tolerance following repeated administration
nebulizer
a device used to reduce liquid to an extremely fine cloud, especially for delivering medication to the deep part of the respiratory tract
necrosis
the morphological changes indicative of cell death caused by progressive enzymatic degradation; it may affect groups of cells or part of a structure or an organ
neuropathy
a functional disturbance or pathological change in the peripheral nervous system, sometimes limited to non-inflammatory lesions as opposed to those of neuritis
nocturia
excessive urination at night
nosocomial
of or being a secondary disorder associated with being treated in a hospital but unrelated to the patient’s primary condition
oliguria
diminished urine production and excretion in relation to fluid intake
ophthalmic
of or relating to or resembling the eye; “ocular muscles”; “an ocular organ”; “ocular diseases”; “the optic (or optical) axis of the eye”
orifice
an opening, especially to a cavity or passage of the body; a mouth or vent
orthopnea
form of dyspnea in which the person can breathe comfortably only when standing or sitting erect; associated with asthma and emphysema and angina pectoris
orthostatic hypotension
low blood pressure occurring in some people when they stand up
otoscope
an instrument for examining the interior of the ear, especially the eardrum, consisting essentially of a magnifying lens and a light
oximetry
a device for measuring the oxygen saturation of arterial blood, especially a pulse oximeter
oxygen saturation
the fraction of the hemoglobin molecules in a blood sample that are saturated with oxygen at a given partial pressure of oxygen; normal saturation is 95%-100%
pallor
paleness, as of the skin
palpation
the act of feeling with the hand; the application of the fingers with light pressure to the surface of the body for the purpose of determining the condition of the parts beneath in physical diagnosis
papule
a small, circumscribed, solid, elevated lesion of the skin
paradoxical reaction
is an effect of medical treatment, usually a drug, opposite to the effect which would normally be expected
parenteral
administered by means other than through the alimentary tract (as by intramuscular or intravenous injection)
patent
open, unobstructed, or not closed
peristaliss
the wormlike movement by which the alimentary canal or other tubular organs having both longitudinal and circular muscle fibers propel their contents, consisting of a wave of contraction passing along the tube for variable distances
petechiae
numerous tiny purple or red spots appearing on the skin as a result of tiny hemorrhages within the dermal or sub mucosal layers
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
phlebotomy
the act or practice of opening a vein to let or draw blood as a therapeutic or diagnostic measure
polypharmacy
the practice of prescribing multiple medications for an individual patient, especially excessively, for a single disease
polyuria
excessive passage of urine, as in diabetes
prone
lying with the front or face downward
proteinuria
the presence of excessive amounts of protein in the urine
proximal
anatomy situated close to the centre, median line, or point of attachment or origin
pruritus
an irritating skin sensation causing a desire to scratch/itch
psoriasis
a noncontagious inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurring reddish patches covered with silvery scales
pulse
the rhythmical throbbing of arteries produced by the regular contractions of the heart, especially as palpated at the wrist or in the neck
pulse deficit
the difference between the heart rate and the palpable pulse, as is often seen in atrial fibrillation
pulse pressure
the variation in blood pressure occurring in an artery during the cardiac cycle; the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures
purulent
containing, discharging, or causing the production of pus
pus
a protein-rich liquid inflammation product made up of leukocytes, cellular debris, and a thin fluid
respirations
the action or process of inhaling and exhaling; breathing
sclera
the tough white fibrous outer envelope of tissue covering all of the eyeball except the cornea. Also called sclerotic, sclerotic coat
sepsis
systemic infection by pathogenic microorganisms, especially bacteria, that have invaded the bloodstream, usually from a local source
septicemia
systemic infection of the blood by pathogenic microorganisms, especially bacteria, that originate from a localized source
serous
containing, secreting, or resembling serum
sputum
matter coughed up and usually ejected from the mouth, including saliva, foreign material, and substances such as mucus or phlegm, from the respiratory tract
standard precautions
a method of infection control—recommended by the CDC—in which all human blood, certain body fluids, as well as fresh tissues and cells of human origin are handled as if they are known to be infected with HIV, HBV, and/or other blood-borne pathogens
stasis
a stoppage or diminution of flow, as of blood or other body fluid
stenois
stricture; an abnormal narrowing or contraction of a duct or canal
sterile
free from all live bacteria or other microorganisms and their spores
stoma
a mouthlike opening, particularly an incised opening which is kept open for drainage or other purposes
stool
evacuated fecal matter
supine
lying with the face upward, or on the dorsal surface
tachycardia
abnormally rapid heart rate
tachypnea
very rapid respiration
thrombophlebitis
thrombophlebitis is the inflammation of a vein with blood clot formation inside the vein at the site of the inflammation
transfusion
transfusion is the process of transferring whole blood or blood components from one person (donor) to another (recipient)
umbilicus
the navel; the scar marking the site of attachment of the umbilical cord in the fetus
urostomy
surgical construction of an artificial excretory opening from the urinary tract
urticaria
a skin condition characterized by the formation of itchy red or whitish raised patches, usually caused by an allergy
vertigo
the sensation of dizziness
vital signs
body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure as measured to assess health or dysfunction
void
to excrete body wastes
vomitus
pertaining to the material expelled from the stomach during vomiting
