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blooncineration > RnC again > Flashcards

RnC again Flashcards

1
Q

Alkane to Halogenoalkane

A

FRS: X2 gas, UV light

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2
Q

Alkene to Alkane

A

Reduction: H2 gas, Ni/Pt catalyst, heat

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3
Q

Alkene to Dihalogenoalkane

A

E.A.: X2 in CCl4, dark, rtp

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4
Q

Alkene to Halogenoalcohol

A

E.A.: X2 (aq), dark, rtp

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5
Q

Alkene to Mono-halogenoalkane

A

E.A.: HX(g), rtp, dark

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6
Q

Alkene to Alcohol

A

E.A.: Cold Conc. H2SO4, followed by heating with H2O

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7
Q

Alkene to Diol

A

Mild Oxidation: Cold KMnO4, NaOH(aq)/H2SO4(aq)

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8
Q

Alkene to Carboxylic acid, CO2, Ketone

A

Oxidative Cleavage: KMnO4, NaOH(aq)/H2SO4(aq), heat under reflux

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9
Q

Nitrile to Carboxylic acid

A

Hydrolysis: Dilute H2SO4(aq), heat under reflux

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10
Q

Halogenoalkane to Alkene

A

Elimination: KOH in ethanol, heat under reflux

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11
Q

Halogenoalkane to Alcohol

A

N.S.: NaOH(aq), heat under reflux

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12
Q

Halogenoalkane to Amine

A

N.S.: Excess conc NH3 in alcohol, heat in sealed tube

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13
Q

Halogenoalkane to Nitrile

A

N.S.: Alcoholic NaCN/KCN, heat under reflux (step-up rxn)

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14
Q

Carbonyl to Cyanohydrin

A

N.A.: HCN, trace KCN or NaOH(aq), cold

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15
Q

2-4 DNPH

A

Test for Carbonyl, Condensation, Orange ppt formed

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16
Q

Aldehyde to Carboxylic acid

A

Oxidation: KMnO4, NaOH(aq)/H2SO4(aq), heat under reflux

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17
Q

Aldehyde to 1° Alcohol

A

Reduction: LiAlH4 in dry ether

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18
Q

Ketone to Secondary Alcohol

A

Reduction: LiAlH4 in dry ether

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19
Q

Cu2+ and NaOH, warm

A

飞领 solution Test for Aliphatic Aldehyde, Oxidation, Brick red ppt formed

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20
Q

Ag2O in NH3, warm

A

头冷’s reagent Test for Aldehyde, Oxidation, Silver mirror formed

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21
Q

Alcohol to Chloroalkane

A

N.S.: Anhydrous PCl5, rtp

OR

Anhydrous PCl3/SOCl2, heat under reflux

OR

HX(g), heat, ZnCl2 catalyst for chloride

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22
Q

Alcohol to Mono-bromoalkane

A

N.S.: HBr(g), heat

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23
Q

1° Alcohol to Aldehyde

A

Oxidisation: K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, heat with immediate distillation

24
Q

2° Alcohol to Ketone

A

Oxidation: KMnO4, NaOH(aq)/H2SO4(aq), heat under reflux

25
Q

Alcohol to Alkene

A

Elimination/Dehydration: Excess conc H2SO4, 170 °C

OR

H3PO4/Al2O3, heat

26
Q

Esterification

A

Alcohol, Carboxylic acid, conc H2SO4, heat under reflux

OR

Alcohol, Acyl Chloride, rtp

27
Q

Esterification of Phenol

A

Phenol with Na, Acyl Chloride, rtp

28
Q

Neutral FeCl3

A

Test for Phenol, Complex formation, +ve test yields Purple colouration

29
Q

Carboxylic acid to Acyl Chloride

A

N.S.: Anhydrous PCl5, rtp

OR

Anhydrous PCl3/SOCl2 rtp

30
Q

Carboxylic acid to 1° Alcohol

A

Reduction: LiAlH4 in dry ether, rtp

31
Q

Acyl Chloride to Amide

A

Condensation: conc NH3/Amine, rtp

32
Q

Acyl Chloride to Carboxylic Acid

A

Hydrolysis: H2O, rtp

33
Q

Nitrobenzene to Phenylamine

A

Reduction: Sn, conc HCl, heat under reflux, followed by NaOH

34
Q

Amide to Amine

A

Reduction: LiAlH4 in dry ether, rtp

35
Q

Benzene to Nitrobenzene

A

E.S.: conc HNO3, conc H2SO4, Heat under reflux at 55 °C

36
Q

Benzene to Bromobenzene

A

E.S.: Br2, anhydrous FeBr3, rtp

37
Q

Benzene to Chlorobenzene

A

E.S.: Cl2, anhydrous FeCl3, rtp

38
Q

Benzene to Alkylbenzene

A

E.S, Friedyl-Crafts Akylation: RCl, anhydrous FeCl3

39
Q

Alkylbenzene to Nitro-alkylbenzene

A

E.S.: conc HNO3, conc H2SO4, Heat under reflux at 30 °C

40
Q

Phenol to Mono-nitrobenzene

A

E.S.: dilute HNO3, rtp

41
Q

Phenol to Tri-nitrobenzene

A

E.S.: conc HNO3, rtp

42
Q

Benzoic acid to Nitrobenzoic acid

A

E.S.: conc HNO3, conc H2SO4, Heat under reflux at >55°C

43
Q

Benzoic acid to Bromobenzoic acid

A

E.S. Br2, anhydrous FeBr3, rtp

44
Q

Benzene to Mono-bromobenzene

A

E.S. Br2 (l), anhydrous FeBr3, rtp

45
Q

Alkylbenzene to Bromo-alkylbenzene

A

E.S. Br2, Anhydrous FeBr3, rtp

46
Q

Phenol to Mono-bromophenol

A

E.S. Br2 in CCl4, rtp

47
Q

Phenol to Tri-bromophenol

A

E.S. Br2(aq), rtp (white ppt formed)

48
Q

Phenylamine to Tri-bromophenylamine

A

E.S. Br2(aq), rtp (white ppt formed)

49
Q

Methylbenzene to benzoic acid

A

Side chain Oxidation: KMnO4, NaOH(aq)/H2SO4(aq), heat under reflux

50
Q

H2 Ni, heat/Pt

A

Alkene to Alkane
Aldehyde to 1° Alcohol
Ketone to 2° Alcohol
Nitrile to Amine

everything except acids

51
Q

LiAlH4 in dry ether, heat

A

Aldehyde to 1° Alcohol
Ketone to 2° Alcohol
Nitrile to Amine
Carboxylic to 1° Alcohol
Amide to Amine

52
Q

NaBH4

A

Aldehyde to 1° Alcohol
Ketone to 2° Alcohol
(Specific for Carbonyls)

53
Q

Distinguishing Carbonyl

A

2-4 DNPH, Condensation, Orange ppt

54
Q

Distinguishing Aldehydes and Ketones

A

KMnO4(aq), dilute H2SO4, heat:
Aldehydes decolourise purple KMnO4

K2Cr2O7(aq), dilute H2SO4, heat:
Aldehydes change solution from orange to green

[Ag(NH3)2]+ 2 3 2 4 2:
Aldehydes give silver mirror

Cu2+ in NaOH 2 5 1 3:
Aliphatic Aldehydes give reddish-brown of Cu2O

55
Q

Distinguishing Aliphatic and Aromatic Aldehydes

A

Fehlings

Cu2+ in NaOH 2 5 1 3:
Aliphatic Aldehydes give reddish-brown of Cu2O

56
Q

Distinguishing compounds with -COCH3 and -CH(OH)CH3

A

I2(aq), NaOH, heat
Positive test is yellow ppt of CHI3

blooncineration (3 decks)

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