RNA Translation & Protein Targeting Flashcards

1
Q

What synthesises proteins from RNA

A

Ribosomes synthesise proteins from RNA

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2
Q

Define ribosome

A
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3
Q

What is always the start codon of a sequence (for DNA vs RNA)

A

ATG= start codon for DNA
AUG = start codon for RNA

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4
Q

What are the 3 stop codons for DNA vs RNA

A

DNA= TAA, TGA, TAG stop codons

RNA= TAA, UGA, UAG stop codons

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5
Q

What is messenger RNA (mRNA)

A
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6
Q

What is Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

A
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7
Q

What is Transfer RNA (tRNA)

A
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8
Q

What type of RNA helps catalyst formation of peptide bonds between amino acids

A

Ribosomal RNA

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9
Q

Where is rRNA found

A

rRNA is found in ribosomes

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10
Q

What happens at the A site (aminoacyl-tRNA binding site ) on the ribosome

A

At the A site, tRNA attached to amino acid

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11
Q

What happens at the P site (Peptidyl-tRNA binding site) on the ribosome

A

At the p site peptide bonds are formed

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12
Q

What happens at the E site (Exit site) on a ribosome

A

At the E site, tRNA will leave (exit) ribosome so it can be used again

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13
Q

Functions of tRNA

A

Acts to translate between RNA and amino acid

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14
Q

1 end of the tRNA is attached in to a specific amino acid. What enzyme is this attachment catalysed by?

A

1 end of tRNA is attached to specific amino acid. This attachment is catalysed by AMINOACYL tRNA SYNTHASE

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15
Q

Function of aminoacyl RNA transfer synthase

A

ERROR CHECKING
= corrects its own errors, adds correct aa onto the tRNA

I.e. incorrect aa removed by hydrolysis as enzyme can proof read incorrect aa’s

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16
Q

What is meant by the DNA code being DEGENERATE

A
17
Q

How many hydrogen bonds between G and U

A

2 H bonds between G and U

18
Q

Summarise the process of translation

A

1) mRNA binds to a specific site on small subunit of ribosome

2) INITIATION: Transitional complex forms & tRNA brings amino acid to bind to start codon on mRNA. tRNA anticodon attached to mRNA(on ribosome) by complementary base pairing

3) ELONGATION: tRNAs keep bringing new aas. rRNA catalyses formation of peptide bonds between aa’s— producing polypeptide chain

4) TERMINATION: release factor recognises stop codon. Translational complex dissociates, components recycled. Complete polypeptide released

19
Q

Describe initiation in translation

A
20
Q

Describe elongation in translation

A
21
Q

Describe termination in translation

A
22
Q

Explain protein targeting with examples

A
23
Q

How can differences in eukaryotic + prokaryotic translation be exploited for medical intervention?

A