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Genetic Information (1) > RNA Structure and Function > Flashcards

RNA Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

Ribonucleic acid

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2
Q

What is RNA made up of?

A

Phosphate group
Ribose
Nitrogenous bases

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3
Q

What are the nitrogenous bases in RNA?

A

Uracil
Guanine
Cytosine
Adenine

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4
Q

Function of RNA?

A

To copy and transfer the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes.

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of RNA?

A

mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

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6
Q

What is mRNA?

A

Messenger RNA is a copy of one gene from DNA.

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7
Q

What does mRNA do?

A

It is created in the nucleus and then leaves the nucleus to carry the copy of the genetic code of one gene to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.

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8
Q

Why can’t DNA as a whole leave the nucleus?

A

It is too big and would be at risk of being damaged by enzymes therefore destroying the genetic code permanently.

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9
Q

Why is mRNA much shorter?

A

It is only the length of one gene.

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10
Q

Why is mRNA short lived?

A

It is only needed temporarily to help create a protein.

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11
Q

Is mRNA double or single stranded?

A

Single

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12
Q

What shape is mRNA?

A

Straight line.

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13
Q

What are codons?

A

Every 3 bases in the sequence codes for a specific amino acid, these three bases are called codons.

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14
Q

What is tRNA?

A

Transfer RNA.

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15
Q

Where is tRNA found?

A

Cytoplasm

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16
Q

Is tRNA double or single stranded?

17
Q

What shape is tRNA?

A

Cloverleaf shape.

18
Q

What holds together the cloverleaf shape?

A

Hydrogen bonds

19
Q

What is the function of tRNA?

A

To attach to one of the 20 amino acids and transfer the amino acid to the ribosome to create the polypeptide chain.

20
Q

What are anticodons?

A

Specific amino acids attach to specific tRNA molecules and this is determined by the 3 bases found on tRNA which are complementary to the 3 bases on mRNA.

21
Q

Why are they called anticodons?

A

They are complementary to the codons in mRNA.

22
Q

What does rRNA stand for?

A

Ribosomal RNA

23
Q

What is the function of RNA?

A

Combines with proteins to make ribosomes.

24
Q

What are the differences between the DNA and RNA monomers?

A

DNA contains the base thymine whereas RNA contains the base uracil.
DNA contains the pentose sugar deoxyribose and RNA contains ribose.

25
Q

What are the differences between the DNA and RNA polymers?

A

DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded.
DNA is much larger because it contains the entire genome, RNA is only a copy of one gene so it is much shorter.

Genetic Information (1) (6 decks)

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