RNA: mRNA, tRNA and rRNA

Question 1

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 1

RNA stands for ribonucleic acid

Question 2

What monomer forms RNA?

Answer 2

RNA is formed from the nucleotide monomer

Question 3

What are nucleotide monomers formed from?

Answer 3

Nucleotide monomers are formed from a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group and a ribose

Question 3

What are the nitrogenous bases in RNA?

Answer 3

1. Adenine
2. Cytosine
3. Uracil
4. Guanine

Question 4

Where is mRNA created?

Answer 4

mRNA is created in the nucleus

Question 5

Describe RNA’s structure

Answer 5

RNA has a relatively short polynucleotide chain and is single stranded

Question 5

What is RNA’s function?

Answer 5

RNA’s function is to copy and transfer genetic code from the DNA in the nucleus into the ribosomes

Question 6

What does mRNA stand for?

Answer 6

mRNA stands for messenger ribonucleic acid

Question 7

What is mRNA?

Answer 7

mRNA is a copy of a gene from the DNA

Question 8

What are the three bases of mRNA called?

Answer 8

A codon

Question 8

Why can’t DNA have mRNA’s role, why can’t DNA do it?

Answer 8

DNA is too large of a molecule to leave the nucleus, so since mRNA has a smaller structure it can leave the nucleus easier

Question 8

What is mRNA’s function?

Answer 8

mRNA’s function is to carry a copy of genetic code from a gene to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Question 9

Why does mRNA have a short life span?

Answer 9

mRNA has a short life spans because it is only needed temporarily to help create a protein, therefore by the time enzymes break it down it would have already carried out its function

Question 10

What do every three bases code for?

Answer 10

Every three bases code for a specific amino acid

Question 11

Where is tRNA located?

Answer 11

tRNA is located in cytoplasm

Question 12

What does tRNA stand for?

Answer 12

Transfre RNA or Transfer ribonucleic acid

Question 13

Describe the structure or RNA

Answer 13

tRNA is single stranded and has a shape similar to a cloverleaf. This shape is held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 14

What shape is formed by tRNA?

Answer 14

tRNA has a cloverleaf shape

Question 15

What is the function of tRNA?

Answer 15

tRNA attaches to one of the 20 amino acids and then transfers the amino acid to a ribosome, creating a polypeptide chain

Question 16

Do just any amino acids attach to any tRNA molecules?

Answer 16

No, specific amino acids attach to specific tRNA molecules. this is determined by the three bases that are complementary

Question 17

What are the bases on the tRNA molecule referred to as?

Answer 17

The bases on the tRNA molecule are called the anticodon

Question 18

Why are the bases on the tRNA molecule referred to as the anticodon?

Answer 18

The three bases on the mRNA are called a codon and the complementary bases on the rRNA are called the anticodon

Question 19

What does rRNA do?

Answer 19

rRNA makes the bulk of ribosomes

Question 20

What two rRNA make the complete ribosome 70s?

Answer 20

rRNA is made form a small ribosome subunit (30s) and a larger ribosome subunit (50s)

Question 21

What is the difference between RNA and DNA within their monomers?

Answer 21

1. They have different bases - DNA has the thymine base and RNA has the uracil base
2. They have different pentose sugar - DNA has the deoxyribose pentose sugar and RNA has the ribose pentose sugar

Question 22

What is the difference between DNA and RNA within their polymers?

Answer 22

1. DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded
2. They have different structures - DNA has a larger shape as it contains the entire genome and RNA has a shorter structure as its the length of one gene