RNA

Question 1

Where in the cytoplasm does translation of RNA occur?

Answer 1

Ribosome

Question 2

What is the role of the transfer RNA molecule (tRNA)?

Answer 2

To transfer amino acids to the mRNA on the ribosome to corresponding bases.

Question 3

What is the triplet of three based on the tRNA molecule called?

Answer 3

Anticodon

Question 4

What are introns and exons?

Answer 4

Introns = non coding RNA

Exons = coding RNA

Question 5

What specific molecule is formed by transcription?

Answer 5

Primary transcript

Question 6

Where does RNA transcription take place?

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

What is the triplet of molecules on mRNA molecule called?

Answer 7

Codon

Question 8

How many strands does an RNA molecule possess?

Answer 8

1 - single stranded

Question 9

Gene expression occurs in two stages.

Name these stages.

Answer 9

Transcription
&
Translation

Question 10

Which sugar is found in the structure of RNA?

Answer 10

Ribose sugar

Question 11

Which base in RNA replaces thymine found in DNA

Answer 11

Uracil

Question 12

There are 3 types of RNA :
mRNA, tRNA and a third.

Name the third and where it is found.

Answer 12

rRNA

Found in the ribosome

Question 13

What type of bond forms between adjacent amino acids in the process of RNA translation.

Answer 13

Peptide bonds

Question 14

What substance is formed by RNA translation?

Answer 14

Polypeptide bond

Question 15

Explain the term alternative splicing.

Answer 15

Introns treated as exons and get paired with exons

Question 16

Give an example of Post Translational modification.

Answer 16

Adding phosphate or carbohydrate

   OR

Cutting out

Question 17

Transcription (5)

Answer 17

• RNA polymerase unwinds&unzips double helix and aligns free RNA nucleotides against exposed DNA nucleotides of template strand
• complementary base pairing
• RNA nucleotides join to form primary transcript (copy of gene made up of based called codons)
• introns cut and exons spliced together to form mature mRNA transcript
• mRNA move to ribosome to be translated

Question 18

Translation

Answer 18

• mature mRNA binds to ribosome
• tRNA transport amino acids to mRNA on ribosome
• align with mRNA according to anticodon
• amino acids bond through peptide binds to form polypeptides
• mRNA carries stop&start codon
• polypeptide folds to form a protein which is held in 3D shape by hydrogen bonds