RNA Flashcards
Where in the cytoplasm does translation of RNA occur?
Ribosome
What is the role of the transfer RNA molecule (tRNA)?
To transfer amino acids to the mRNA on the ribosome to corresponding bases.
What is the triplet of three based on the tRNA molecule called?
Anticodon
What are introns and exons?
Introns = non coding RNA
Exons = coding RNA
What specific molecule is formed by transcription?
Primary transcript
Where does RNA transcription take place?
Nucleus
What is the triplet of molecules on mRNA molecule called?
Codon
How many strands does an RNA molecule possess?
1 - single stranded
Gene expression occurs in two stages.
Name these stages.
Transcription
&
Translation
Which sugar is found in the structure of RNA?
Ribose sugar
Which base in RNA replaces thymine found in DNA
Uracil
There are 3 types of RNA :
mRNA, tRNA and a third.
Name the third and where it is found.
rRNA
Found in the ribosome
What type of bond forms between adjacent amino acids in the process of RNA translation.
Peptide bonds
What substance is formed by RNA translation?
Polypeptide bond
Explain the term alternative splicing.
Introns treated as exons and get paired with exons
Give an example of Post Translational modification.
Adding phosphate or carbohydrate
OR
Cutting out
Transcription (5)
- RNA polymerase unwinds&unzips double helix and aligns free RNA nucleotides against exposed DNA nucleotides of template strand
- complementary base pairing
- RNA nucleotides join to form primary transcript (copy of gene made up of based called codons)
- introns cut and exons spliced together to form mature mRNA transcript
- mRNA move to ribosome to be translated
Translation
- mature mRNA binds to ribosome
- tRNA transport amino acids to mRNA on ribosome
- align with mRNA according to anticodon
- amino acids bond through peptide binds to form polypeptides
- mRNA carries stop&start codon
- polypeptide folds to form a protein which is held in 3D shape by hydrogen bonds
