RM test Feb 2023

Question 1

what is peer review

Answer 1

when work is is sent to peers (other academics) to assess and scrutinise research

Question 2

why is peer review used (BIAS)

Answer 2

• ensure data isn’t manipulated (conscious bias)
• ensure there is no subconscious bias

Question 3

why is peer review used

Answer 3

• ensure validity
• ensure quality/ validity
• point out any methodological mistakes
• ensure originality
• ensure there is significance

Question 4

Allocation of funding PR

Answer 4

ensures validity of future research/ viability
the need for the research

Question 5

assessing research ratings of Uni (RAE) PR

Answer 5

RAE determines future funding

Question 6

Issues with peer review

Answer 6

• time consuming - rush and not fully scrutinise
• difficulty finding academic experts in a certain field
• anonymity = sabotage
• bias towards positive results
• preservation of the status quo
• cannot be recalled

Question 7

what are correlations

Answer 7

the relationship between 2 variables (both dependent) meaning both are measured

Question 8

how are correlations presented

Answer 8

either visually or numerically

Question 9

what is the difference between a negative correlation and a positive

Answer 9

strong positive (0.8)
weak positive (0.3)
weak negative (-0.3)
strong negative (-0.8)

Question 10

when are correlational studies mostly used

Answer 10

when the IV cannot be measured - ethical concerns

Question 11

Features of science

Answer 11

empirical data
falsifiability
replicability
high control
objectivity

Question 12

what is empirical data

Answer 12

claims based off of the truth
direct observations

Question 13

what is falsifiability

Answer 13

proving yourself wrong as you are unable to prove yourself definitely correct

Question 14

what is replicability

Answer 14

standardised procedure
ensures reliability

Question 15

what is high control

Answer 15

all DV change because of IV no EV
cause and effect

Question 16

what is objectivity

Answer 16

not effected by expectations of the researcher

Question 17

what are the types of theory construction

Answer 17

inductive
deductive

Question 18

what does inductive research mean

Answer 18

aiming to test a newly created theory

Question 19

what does deductive research mean

Answer 19

aiming to test an already existing theory

Question 20

psychology as a science ( is not a…)

Answer 20

Psychology is not a homogenous discipline

Question 21

what are the features of an academic report

Answer 21

abstract
introduction
method
results
discussions
references
appendices

Question 22

what is an abstract

Answer 22

overview for each section (one sentence each) 150-200 words

Question 23

what is an introduction

Answer 23

detailed set-up 5-6 pages long
comments on =
- any information on previous research
- provides context for hypothesis
- what is being investigated and why
- state hypothesis

Question 24

what is the method

Answer 24

clear description of the researchers method - easily replicable
DAPP
= design, apparatus, participants, procedure

Question 25

what is the results

Answer 25

summary of findings
- descriptive stats
- inferential stats
no raw data

Question 26

what is the discussion

Answer 26

implications and conclusions of the data
- draw comparisons from past research
- in relation to hypothesis - conclusion

Question 27

what is the reference

Answer 27

acknowledges other research mentioned
bibliography avoids plagiarism

Question 28

what is the appendices

Answer 28

any documents used in research
raw data
calculations

Question 29

example of things found in the appendices

Answer 29

consent forms
instructions
ethics sheet
questionnaires

Question 30

Levels of data (4)

Answer 30

nominal
ordinal
interval
ratio

Question 31

what is nominal data

Answer 31

data in separate categories
discreet

Question 32

what is ordinal data

Answer 32

order to the information
inconsistent and immeasurable data points (differences between them)
likert scale

Question 33

what is interval data

Answer 33

exists in a specified order
data points difference - consistent and measurable
temp in Celsius 5c < 10c - 5c difference etc.

Question 34

what is ratio data

Answer 34

same as interval just with a true zero
some zeros are arbitrary

Question 35

what are the different types of graphs used

Answer 35

frequency tables
bar charts
histograms
scatter graph

Question 36

what is a frequency table

Answer 36

indicates frequency of a data point
info - stats - graph
nominal

Question 37

what is a bar chart

Answer 37

height of bar = reps frequency
categories on x axis
data = not continuous / no order
nominal

Question 38

what is a histogram

Answer 38

x-axis = continuous data
area of the bar = frequency
no gaps between bars
used for interval / ordinal data

Question 39

what is a scatter graph

Answer 39

graph for correlational analysis
relationship between 2 variables