RM midterm Flashcards
when do you use a chi square test?
it is used to determine whether or not there is significance between two variables.
nominal scale
categories, names, labels, without a meaningful order (ex. - male, female)
ordinal scale
ordered categories, but intervals may not be equal (ex. - 1st, 2nd, 3rd)
interval scale
ordered with equal intervals but no true zero (ex. - temp, Celsius or IQ)
ratio scale
ordered with equal intervals and has a true zero (ex. - weight, height, age)
Guttman scale
hierarchical scale where agreement with one item implies agreement with previous items (ex. - attitudes toward social issues)
Semantic differential scale
measures attitudes of concepts using polar adjectives (ex. - happy-sad, strong-weak)
Likert-Type scale
agreement scales (ex. - 1-5 strongly disagree to strongly agree)
simple random sampling
each participant has an equal chance at selection.
stratified sampling
population is divided into strata, and then randomly sampled.
cluster sampling
randomly selecting entire groups (clusters) rather than individuals.
snowball sampling
participants recruit others, useful for hard-to-reach populations.
convenience sampling
selecting participants based on availability.
random error
unpredictable fluctuations affecting measurement (ex. - on bag of chips has more air)
systematic error
consistent bias in measurement (ex. - company continues to add too much air to bags of chips)
