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RM Flashcards

1
Q

NNH number needed to harm

A

If 88, for every 88 people undergoing the intervention, one person will have a harmful outcome

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2
Q

Incidence

A

number of new cases commenting in a period of time in a given population

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3
Q

Prevalence

A

number of persons with a particular disease within a given time and population

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4
Q

Relative risk

A

The ratio of the probability of developing an outcome in the intervention group compared with the probability of developing an outcome in the control group. If it is 1, there is no difference and it could be due to chance.

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5
Q

Absolute risk

A

the probability of an event in the population

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6
Q

NNT Number needed to treat

A

the number of patients with a condition who must receive an intervention to prevent one bad outcome

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7
Q

Odds

A

ratio of probability of an event to the probability of a non-event

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8
Q

Index test

A

the test whose diagnostic accuracy is being measured against the gold standard

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9
Q

reference test

A

the gold standard - best reflects the truth

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10
Q

Sensitivity

A

The proportion of people with disease, who test positive

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11
Q

Specificity

A

The proportion of people without disease, who test negative

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12
Q

Pre-test probability

A

Background probability of having a condition before a diagnostic test is done

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13
Q

Post-test probability

A

Probability of having a condition given the result of a diagnostic test

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14
Q

Positive predictive value

A

the probability of having a condition, given a positive test result

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15
Q

Negative predictive value

A

the probability of NOT having a condition, given a negative test result

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16
Q

Likelihood ratio

A

A measure of the efficacy of a test, calculate the ratio of the true positives to the false positives (TP/FP)

17
Q

Statistical power

A

the likelihood that a study will detect an effect when there is a true effect to be detected

18
Q

Cross-sectional study - OBSERVATIONAL

A

examines characteristics of a population AT ONE POINT IN TIME

19
Q

Cohort study - OBSERVATIONAL

A

Participants selected and grouped by either having or not having an exposure, and then seeing what happens over time.
Can be prospective of retrospective

20
Q

Case-control study - OBSERVATIONAL

A

Participants selected and group by either having the disease or not and then their exposures looked at - always retrospective. For rare outcomes of interest. Most at risk of recall bias.

21
Q

What does a confidence interval of 95% (2 - 10) mean?

A

you are 95% confident that the true result of the X lies between 2 and 10

RM (1 decks)

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