RLE: Mobility & Activity Flashcards
the efficient use of the body as a machine, and as a means of locomotion, it is directly related to the function of bones, joints, muscles, nerves, and brain to maintain posture balance
body mechanics
body mechanics coordinates effort of the ??? and ??? system to maintain balance, posture, and body alignment during lifting, moving, positioning, and performing activities of daily living
musculoskeletal and nervous
facing the direction of movement prevents ?
abnormal twisting of the spine
dividing balanced activity between ??? and ??? reduces the risk of back injury
arms & legs
requires less work than lifting
rolling and turning
when ??? reduced between object to be moved and the surface, it reduces ??? required to move it
frictions;
force
reducing the force of work, reduces the ???
risk of injury
maintaining good body mechanics reduces ??? of the muscle groups
fatigue
alternating periods of ??? and ??? helps reduce fatigue
rest & activity
principles of good body mechanics (4)
maintain:
- stable center of gravity
- wide base of support
- line of gravity
- proper body alignment
refers to how the head, shoulders, spine, hips, knees and ankles relate and line up with each other
alignment
puts less stress on the spine and helps you have good posture
proper alignment of the body
defined as the ability to move freely, easily, rhythmically, and purposefully in the environment
mobility
state of not being able to move around
immobility
factors affecting mobility (5)
age
energy level
lifestyle
fear & pain
disability
how age affects mobility
as people grow older, they slow down
how energy level affects mobility
varies among individuals, they demonstrate different energy levels at different times
how lifestyle affects mobility
some people participate in physical activity regularly in an effort to maintain/improve health
how fear and pain affects mobility
can limit mobility;
post op pt. may be reluctant to move for fear of opening the incision
it is a persistent mental or physical weakness that prevents a person from carrying out normal activities of life
disability
pneumonia that usually results from the collection of fluid in the dorsal region of the lungs
hypostatic pneumonia
a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has traveled from elsewhere in the body through the blodstream
pulmonary embolism
refers to rigid body movements and chronic abnormal positions of the body
abnormal posturing
a curving of the spine that causes a bowing or rounding of the back, which leads to a hunchback or slouching posture
kyphosis
inward curvature of the lumbar/ cervical spins
lordosis
lateral curving of the spine
scoliosis
lordosis is also called ?
the pride of pregnancy
those in which a joint is moved through its full range of motion according to its capacity
ROM exercises
2 types of ROM exercises
active
passive
ROM exercises done by patient himself
active
ROM exercises done with help of assistant from another person
passive
ROMe increase muscle ??? and ???
strength and endurance
ROMe maintain ??? ??? function
normal physiological
ROMe prevent ??? caused by ???? like contractures
complications,
immobility
ROMe improve patient ??? in ADLs
participation
ROMe improve ??? activities and increase ??? flexibility
physical activities;
joint flexibility
movement in the coronal plane that moves a limb laterally away from the body e.g- spreading of the fingers
Abduction
downward (inferior) motion of the scapula or mandible
Depression
foot movement involving the intertarsal joints of the foot in which the bottom of the foot is turned laterally, away from the midline
Eversion
excessive extension of joint, beyond the normal range of movement
Hyperextension
foot movement involving the intertarsal joints of the foot in which the bottom of the foot is turned toward the midline
Inversion
movement of the arm at the shoulder joint or the thigh at the hip joint that moves the anterior surface of the limb away from the midline of the body
Lateral (external) rotation
movement of the arm at the shoulder joint or the thigh at the hip joint that moves the anterior surface of the limb away from the midline of the body
Lateral (external) rotation
forearm motion that moves the palm of the hand from the palm forward to the palm backward position
Pronation
posterior motion of the scapula or mandible
Retraction
movement of the scapula during upper limb abduction
in which the glenoid cavity of the scapula moves in an upward direction as the medial end of the scapular spine moves in a downward direction
Superior rotation
forearm position in which the palm faces anteriorly (anatomical position)
Supinated position
movement in the coronal plane that moves a limb medially toward or across the midline of the body e.g-bringing fingers together
Adduction
circular motion of the arm, thigh, hand, thumb, or finger that is produced by the sequential combination of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction
Circumduction
movement at the ankle that brings the top of the foot toward the anterior leg
Dorsiflexion
upward (superior) motion of the scapula or mandible
Elevation
movement in the sagittal plane that increases the angle of a joint (straightens the joint); motion involving posterior bending of the vertebral column or returning to the upright position from a flexed position
Extension
movement in the sagittal plane that decreases the angle of a joint (bends the joint); motion involving anterior bending of the vertebral column
Flexion
excessive flexion of joint, beyond the normal range of moveme
Hyper flexion
movement of the scapula during upper limb adduction in which the glenoid cavity of the scapula moves in a downward direction as the medial end of the scapular spine moves in an upward direction
Inferior rotation
side-to-side movement of the mandible away from the midline, toward either the right or left side
Lateral excursion
bending of the neck or body toward the right or left side
Lateral flexion
side-to-side movement that returns the mandible to the midline
Medial excursion
movement of the arm at the shoulder joint or the thigh at the hip joint that brings the anterior surface of the limb toward the midline of the body
Medial (internal) rotation
side-to-side movement that returns the mandible to the midline
Medial excursion
movement of the arm at the shoulder joint or the thigh at the hip joint that brings the anterior surface of the limb toward the midline of the body
Medial (internal) rotation
anterior motion of the scapula or mandible
Protraction
movement of the thumb from opposition back to the anatomical position (next to index finger)
Reposition
movement of a bone around a central axis (atlantoaxial joint) or around its long axis (proximal radioulnar joint; shoulder or hip joint); twisting of the vertebral column resulting from the summation of small motions between adjacent vertebrae
Rotation
passive ROMe should be done only on patient who are?
are unable to do it on their own
Passive ROMe should be done to the point of ?
slight resistance
never do ROM exercises beyond capacity of individual that is to the point of?
discomfort
in ROMe, expect what in RR?
increased RR during exercise which return to resting level within 3 mins
if muscle spasticity occur during movement…
stop movement temporarily, continue to apply slow gentle pressure on part until muscle relaxes, proceed with ROMe
preprocedural steps (ROM)
remove and provide what?
cover the pt with ???, assist in assuming a ??? position
E, W, P
expose only the area that is?
remove all tight clothes; provide loose clothes/hospi gown
sheet; supine
explain purpose, wash hands, provide privacy
being exercised
intra-procedural steps (ROM)
start providing ROM from head to downward
post procedural steps (ROM)
wash hands
make pt. comfortable
record procedure
exercises for weak patients after prolonged inactivity require physical conditioning before they can ambulate again. These include exercises of lower limbs, upper limbs and dangling at bed side
muscle strengthening exercises
purposes of muscle strengthening exercises:
- To the prepare patient for ???
- To re-establish their previous ability to ???
- To promote ???
ambulation;
walk;
muscle strength and tone
covers front and side of the thigh. Together they aid in extending the leg. Exercising these muscles enable the patient to stand and support their body weight.
Quadriceps muscles
Tighten the quadriceps muscles by ???
flattening the back of the knees into the mattress
if it’s difficult to tighten quadriceps muscle then
put a pillow under knee/heel;
hold contracted position (5 secs);
relax repeat
that strengths and tones the gluteal muscles. It includes contracting and relaxing the gluteal muscles. These are easily performed in bed or chair.
Isometric exercises
Tighten the gluteal muscles by ?
pinching the cheeks of buttocks together
For strengthening lower legs after knee or hip replacement surgeries
Straight leg exercises
Tighten the thigh muscle with knee ??? in the bed or in sitting.
straightened; lift leg several inches
Patient using walker, cane, or crutches. It includes:
Flexion, extension of arms and wrists.
Raising and lowering the wrist with hand.
Squeezing a ball or spring grip or make a fist.
Modified hand pushups in bed.
Performed in several ways depending on patient age and condition. While in patient bed patient may lift hips off the bed by pushing down on mattress with hands.
upper arm strengthening
Helps to normalize blood pressure due to orthostatic hypotension.
dangling
refers to a person’s routine of exercise, activity, leisure, and recreation.
activity-exercise pattern
For most people, ??? depends on a sense of independence and a feeling of usefulness or being needed.
self-esteem
an imaginary vertical line drawn through the body’s center of gravity
line of gravity
the point at which all of the body’s mass is centered
center of gravity
the foundation on which the body rests
base of support
is the term used to describe awareness of posture, movement, and changes in equilibrium and the knowledge of position, weight, and resistance of objects in relation to the body.
Proprioception
is a condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile due to calcium depletion.
Osteoporosis
is another goal of exercise, and is defined as the ability of the body to perform work
Functional strength
is the type and amount of exercise or ADLs an individual is able to perform without experiencing adverse effects
Activity tolerance
With strenuous exercise, muscles ??? (enlarge), and the efficiency of muscular contraction increases
hypertrophy
are those in which the muscle
shortens to produce muscle contraction and active movement. Most physical conditioning exercises—running, walking, swimming, cycling, and other such activities
Isotonic (dynamic) exercises
exercises are those in which muscle contraction occurs without moving the joint (muscle length does not change). These exercises involve exerting pressure against a solid object and are useful for strengthening abdominal, gluteal, and quadriceps muscles used in ambulation; for maintaining strength in immobilized muscles in casts or traction; and for endurance training.
Isometric (static or setting)
involve muscle contraction
or tension against resistance
Isokinetic (resistive) exercises
is activity during which the amount of oxygen taken into the body is greater than that used to perform the activity.
Aerobic exercise
involves activity in which the muscles cannot draw out enough oxygen from the bloodstream, and anaerobic pathways are used to provide additional energy for a short time.
Anaerobic exercise
