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330-15 Week 2 > RJ Fundamentals > Flashcards

RJ Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What is TMR, what manufacturers are there and what frequency is it

A

Trunked mobile radio - Off the shelf emergency and military handheld radio

Tetra, MPT 1327

380 - 410 mhz

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2
Q

What is DMR,
What manufacturers are there and what frequency is it

A

Digital Mobile Radio

Used for longer distance, high volume traffic comms

Selex
Hytera
Motorola

66 - 860mhz

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3
Q

What are the qualities of mobile phones?

A

Cellular Network Architecture

800 - 900mhz older frequencies
2100 - 2600mhz newer frequencies

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4
Q

What is INMARSAT?

A

British owned, 14 geostationary satellite service to provide position when in beam of a satellitle.

Government Aid Agencies, Media and businesses

Downlink - 1525 - 1559mhz
Uplink - 1626 - 1660mhz

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5
Q

What is DAB and what frequencies?

A

Digital Audio Broacast

194 - 229mhz

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6
Q

What is DVB and what frequencies and what is significant?

A

Digital Video Broadcast

470 - 850mhz UAV can hide in frequencies

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7
Q

What are the qualities of pagers?

A

1 Way or 2 way, fixed transmitters short range with numeric or voice data

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8
Q

What are the frequencies of WIFI and WIMAX

A

Wifi - 2.4ghz, 5ghz & US 3.6ghz

WIMAX - 2.3ghz. 2.5ghz & 3.5ghz

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9
Q

What is GPS, how many satellites are required and name the frequencies

A

Global Positioning System

4 satellites required

Liable to jamming

L1 1575.42
L2 1227.60
L5 1176.45

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10
Q

Name the 2 types of modulation

A

Angle modulation (Frequency)
Amplitude modulation

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11
Q

Name the 2 types of amplitude modulation

A

ASK - Amplitude shift Keying
OOK - On Off Keying

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12
Q

Explain Amplitude shift keying

A

Constant power that is just being altered remaining at the same frequency.

Application: Timing signals

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13
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of ASK

A

Digital signal, simple to implement, transfer and receive

Poor performance under weak signals

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14
Q

Explain On Off Keying

A

A signal that is turned on and off like morse code. Binary 1’s & 0’s

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15
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of OOK

A

Simple and cheap to tx & rx

Cannot respond to variations in AMP
Vulnerable to atmospherics
Can contain bursts of noise

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16
Q

What is heterodyning

A

Imposing a frequency on a carrier frequency

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17
Q

Name the 3 types of sidebands

A

Double or mirror sideband - Duplicated message either side of the carrier - less range, more clarity
Single sideband - 1 message 1 side of the carrier which can be transmitted further - prone to distortion
Independent sideband - 2 independent messages either side of the carrier. 2 messages with same amout of power and requires less bandwidth

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18
Q

What is double sideband used for and its adv disadv

A

Voice
Cheap simple and easy to maintain

Interference and noise
Lots of power

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19
Q

What is single sideband used for and Adv Disadv

A

Longer distance telephony & older military comms

Greater distance for same power
Half BW

Complex equip
Distortion

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20
Q

What is independent sideband used for and adv disadv

A

Telephone and telegraph systems, mil comms and multiplexing

Double info for same amount of power

Complex to tx and rx

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21
Q

What are the types of Angle modulation

A

Frequency and phase

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22
Q

Name all the position of the AC and their numbers

A

Rich Techies Always Ask Dead Animals About My Long Socks Award

Ravens 21 22
Tac Co ord 23
ASE 1 17
ASE 3 14
Data link op 5
Airborne Analyst 2
Airborne mission supervisor 1
MSO 3
Linguists, 4, 6-11
SSD 12, 15, 16
ASE 5 18

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23
Q

What is changed on Frequency modulation?

A

The angular rate

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24
Q

What is changed on phase modulation?

A

The angular distance

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25
Q

Which frequency modulation is analogue?

A

Frequency modulated carriers (FM Radio)

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26
Q

Which frequency modulation is digital?

A

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)

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27
Q

On FSK carriers, what happens?

A

Rapid shift between two determined frequencies known as the Space and Mark

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28
Q

What is the excursion?

A

From Fmax to Fmin

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29
Q

What is the deviation?

A

From centre freq to Fmax or Fmin

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30
Q

What is frequency shift?

A

The distance between one peak to the next

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31
Q

What is MLFSK?

A

Multi level frequency shift keying

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32
Q

What is Modulation rate and what is it measured in?

A

The number of symbol changes per second measured in bauds or BPS

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33
Q

What is the Modulation Index?

A

Relationship between the frequency excursion and the modulation rate

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34
Q

How is the modulation index calculated?

A

Frequency excursion / Modulation rate

E.g 1000hz / 100bps = 10 MI

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35
Q

What is MSK? And what figures are associated with it?

A

Minimum shift keying

0.5 is the minimum otherwise signal cannot separate enough

23db separate the top of the primary lobe to the top of the secondary lobe

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36
Q

What is the BW of a MSK signal?

A

MR * 1.5 = BW

E.g 1000 * 1.5 = 1500hz

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37
Q

Explain phase modulation

A

Where the angle of the wave is caused to change throughout the modulating wave. Amplitude remains the same.

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38
Q

What are the 2 types of phase modulation?

A

Phase shift keyed carriers
Phase modulated carriers

39
Q

What Db is associated with PSK?

A

14db from primary lobe to secondary lobe

40
Q

What is the calculation for BW on a PSK?

A

MR x 2 = BW

E.g 1000 x 2 = 2000hz

41
Q

Describe PSK

A

Modulation of digital wave forms where the phase of the carrier is varied between constellation points.

Phase angles are measured in degrees and each point represents a 1’s and 0’s

42
Q

What is Data Rate? How is it calculated?

A

The amount of info passed on per second.

MR x Bit per permutation

43
Q

What are the four types of PSK?

A

BPSK - Binary
QPSK - Quadrature
8PSK - 8
QAM - Quadrature amplitude modulation

44
Q

Explain BPSK

A

Bi phase modulation usually between 0 & 180 degrees
One channel of information
1’s & 0’s
MR & DR are the same

45
Q

Explain QPSK

A

4 Different states 90 degrees apart.
2 channels of information meaning faster data rate 2 x BPSK
2 bits are represented per state doubling the date rate

46
Q

Explain 8PSK

A

8 Different states, amplitude remaining the same
3 bits per state
3 x the date rate

47
Q

Explain QAM

A

16 different states, varying amplitude to prevent clutter of phases
QAM can start at 8 and the highest is 256
Doubling the phase state adds 1 bit. E.g 8 = 3, 16 = 4, 32 = 5 all the way to 256.

48
Q

What is multiplexing?

A

Sending more than 1 message through the same signal

49
Q

In basic terms how does multiplexing work?

A

It is stitched together at the transfer side by a multiplexer, and unstitched at the other end by a de-multiplexer

50
Q

What are the 2 types of multiplexing?

A

FDM - Frequency division multiplexing
TDM - Time division multiplexing

51
Q

How does FDM work?

A

A carrier signal is sent with messages allocated a unique start stop point 4khz wide (size of a voice grade channel) side by side to each other.
Originally the messages all have the same frequency but are then allocated a frequency and stiched next to each other and the unstitched at the other end.

52
Q

Do all channels need to be used when transmitting FDM?

A

No, they will all be sent but not all have information in them

53
Q

FDM terminology. What are the common types of groups?

A

12 + 6 channel are most common

Group = 12 VGCs
Super Group = 60 VGCs
Master Group = 300 VGCs
Super Master Group = 900 VGCs

54
Q

What are the applications of an FDM?

A

Telephone, Sat comms, Military Comms, Telemetry

55
Q

What are the adv and disdvant of FDM?

A

Adv - Send lots of data simultaneously
Disadv - Larger channels = larger BW

56
Q

What is the centre frequency for a 6 channel FDM?

A

18khz for even distribution

57
Q

How does TDM work?

A

Synchronized switches to separate each signal on the same line through a fraction of time.

All messages will be sent through a sampler and allocated an order sequence e.g 1-6. They will then be sent in that order a fraction at a time and then stitched back together at the receiving end.

58
Q

What are the applications of TDM?

A

Telephony
Computers
Satcoms
Telemetry
Tac mil comms
Data comms e.g Data link

59
Q

Adv and disadv of TDM?

A

Adv - very BW efficient
Disadv - Complex equipment at both ends

60
Q

What are the 2 other types of Multiplexing?

A

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing - signals overlap but have unique characteristics to separate them and avoid distortion

Code division multiple access - Each signal is provided with a coding scheme

61
Q

What does Modem stand for?

A

Modulate, demodulate

62
Q

What is the purpose of a modem?

A

To convert a digital signal to and analogue signal and then back to a digital signal using the public switch telephone network

63
Q

How much BW does a modem take up?

A

No more than 4khz as it was optimised for VGC

64
Q

What characteristics can you recognise on a modem?

A

MR
DR
Modulation type
Centre frequency

65
Q

What are the common types of proforma?

A

ATC - Air traffic control
ASV - Air surveillance
SAM - Surface air missile
AIS - Automatic identification system
GCI - Ground control intercept

66
Q

What is TCAS proforma and what are the frequencies?

A

TCAS
Independent to ATC and is mandated on AC over 5700kg.

1030 + 1090mhz

67
Q

What is ACARS, what is it’s code name and what frequency?

A

ACARS - Aircraft comms addressing and reporting system
Digital data link between AC and GCS via radio or Sat

DIGLASSO

131.55mhz

68
Q

What is VHF Data Link, the 4 modes and their uses?

A

Mode 1 = Validation
Mode 2 = Main version (Just data)
Mode 3 = Data and digital voice comms
Mode 4 = Exchange data with ground and other AC

69
Q

What is mode 2 frequency and code name?

A

HEELBLUE MODE 2

136.975mhz

70
Q

What is Mode S, its codename and frequency?

A

Secondary surveillance comms system supporting ATC. AC has unique address code with transponder.

CINGLE

1090mhz

71
Q

What is AIS, it’s codename and frequency

A

Automatic identification system for surface vessel for CAS and exchanging identifying data with satellites, nearby vessels and base stations.

JEEEPNEY

161.975
162.025

72
Q

What occurs during an emergency procedure crew co-ord?

A

Warning
Instruction
Ackowledgement

73
Q

How many emergency exits are there and where?

A

7 exits
1+2 Cockpit
3+4 Crew entry chute & cargo door
5+6 Emergency hatches over wing
7 Rear Emergency hatche

74
Q

How many emergency ropes are there?

A

4; 1 pilot, 1 co pilot, 1 crew chute and 1 rear hatch

75
Q

What alarms sound during a ground emergency?

A

3 short rings - prepare
1 Long ring - Abandon

76
Q

What alarms sound during a ditch / crash landing?

A

6 short rings - prepare
1 long ring - brace for impact

77
Q

What alarms sound during ditch / crash immediately after take off?

A

1 long ring

78
Q

What happens before ditching?

A

Prepare - Electrical equipment off
Anti exposure suits + LPUs
Loose gear jettisoned
Secure harnesses and safety belts

79
Q

What happens once ditched?

A

Primary exit - Overwing hatches
Secondary - Pilot/co pilot

Not the rear as can cause flooding

80
Q

How many MS10 life rafts are there?

A

4 left overwing hatch

81
Q

What happens before crash landing

A

Prep - Elec equip off
Loose gear jettisoned
Secure harnesses and safety belts

82
Q

What happens post crash?

A

Exit where safest available
Assembly point 11 0 clock from AC

83
Q

What happens during a landing gear failure?

A

Crew alert
Pilot actions
Manually lower gear
Crash landing prep

84
Q

What do you do if you notice smoke and fumes?

A

Notify
Oxygen
Source and cause
Pilot action

85
Q

What happens during a fuselage/electrical fire?

A

Notify pilot and crew
100% oxygen
Locate fire
Combat fire
Crew co-ord

86
Q

What happens during rapid decompression?

A

If occurs pilot will
Direct crew 100% oxygen
Initiate descent
ACE’s ascertain cause

Mission continuance

87
Q

Who is responsible for the CRA? and what do they need to do?

A

Crew rest area commander - seat 16 SSD

PAX are CRAC responsibility.

Must brief all PAX
Check rear emerg light fitted
CRA oxygen bottles correct level and fitted & in correct bag
LPU - correct number for PAX
Escape rope is there and serviceable
Loose articles
Strapped in and report to TC
Rear cargo net and drawers shut

88
Q

What is the CRAC to check and report during AAR?

A

Pre AAR - Strapped in
Post AAR - No fumes
Emergency - Check toilet

89
Q

What is FFT?

A

Fast Fourier Transform.

System automatically does it for you and is the change from time domain to frequency domain.

90
Q

What is the range of the VGC?

A

300hz - 3400hz

91
Q

Name the frequency bands

A

VLF 3-30khz
LF 30-300khz
MF 300-3000khz
HF 3-30mhz
VHF 30-300mhz
UHF 300-3000mhz
SHF 3-30ghz
EHF 30-300ghz

92
Q

What are the characteristics of a V23 Modem

A

FSK
1200 Baud rate
Centre frequency 1700hz

93
Q

What are the characteristics of a V26 A + B Modem

A

A = QPSK B=OQPSK
1200 Baud rate
Centre Frequency 1800hz

330-15 Week 2 (2 decks)

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