Rizal in Ateneo Flashcards
RIZAL’S STUDENT DAYS IN THE ATENEO MUNICIPAL
1872-1877
The ___________ first came to the Philippines in 1581
Spanish Jesuits
____________ forced the Jesuits out of the country and all Spanish dominions
King Charles III (1768)
___________ formally declared the dissolution of the Society of Jesus in 1773
Pope Clement XIV
In 1814, ________ signed the Constitution “Sollicitudo Ecclesiarum” restoring the Jesuit Order world-wide.
Pope Pius VII
In 1814, Pope Pius VII signed the Constitution “_____________” restoring the Jesuit Order world-wide.
Sollicitudo Ecclesiarum
October 19, 1852, __________ signed a royal cedula assigning the Jesuits to the Philippines
Queen Isabella II
June 14, 1859, The ______ arrived in the Philippines
Jesuits
Ten _____, six _______, and four _______________ arrived in the Philippines
Jesuits
priests
coadjutor brothers
August 5, 1859, the __________ or the city council requested the ___________ for a Jesuit school financed by public money.
ayuntamiento
Governor-General
________________ asked the Jesuits to take over the Escuela Pia, a boys’ primary school in Manila.
Gov. Fernando de Norzagaray
Gov. Fernando de Norzagaray asked the Jesuits to take over the _________, a boys’ primary school in Manila.
Escuela Pia
a boys’ primary school in Manila.
Escuela Pia
October 1, 1859, the Governor-General signed the decree transferring the _____________ to the Jesuits.
Escuela Pia
November 25, 1859, the __________________ was approved.
first set of rules of the new school (former Escuela Pia)
December 7, they bought a building facing the ____________ for use as classrooms
Casa Mision
December 10, classes opened at the “______________”
Escuela Municipal
Rector of Escuela Municipal
Father Cuevas
Prefect of Studies of Escuela Municipal
Father Jose Ignacio Guerrico
Prefect of Discipline of Escuela Municipal
Bro. Venancio Belzunce
Teachers of Escuela Municipal
Frs. Ramon Barua and Eusebio Barrado
1862, __________ believed he had the men to carry out the Jesuit Ratio Studiorum, or plan of studies, for the new school
Father Cuevas
Plan of studies, for the new school (Escuela Municipal)
Jesuit Ratio Studiorum
They planned to raise the Escuela to the rank of a secondary school and later on called it “____________”
Ateneo Municipal
inferior class was divided into 2 sections namely:
Inferior A
Inferior B
studied the essentials of Spanish grammar and arithmetic
Inferior A
added universal history and the geography of Oceania and the Philippines.
Inferior B
Religion, Conduct, Urbanidad, Reading, Writing, the essentials of Bible history, and universal geography
Infima and Inferior
history, geography, Spanish literary style and composition, arithmetic, algebra, and geometry.
media class
algebra, geometry, besides trigonometry, botany and zoology
superior class
physics, astronomy, chemistry, mineralogy, and geology
suprema class
Daily classes lasted for _________ hours in the morning, and _____ hours in the afternoon
3
2
There are regular __________, and _______ as well as _____________ at the end of the year
monthly examinations
private
public examinations
The deserving received _____________
medals and prizes (books, laurel wreaths)
The misdemeanors received _____________
punishments (suspension, kneeling for a moderate time, exile to a separate seat from the rest, or wearing a card describing the fault)
Character of Student (Jesuit System of Education)
Rigid discipline and religious instruction
subjects where they aim to develop the child (Jesuit System of Education)
Physical culture, humanities and science
where Rizal was enrolled; academic (Jesuit System of Education)
Bachelor of Arts curriculum
other courses offered; vocational (Jesuit System of Education)
Agriculture, commerce, mechanics, and surveying
Emphasized through masses and prayers before and after class (Jesuit System of Education)
Religion
Uniform (Jesuit System of Education)
white coat “rayadillo”
striped shirt
black tie
cream-colored hempen trousers
Two empires (Ateneo)
Roman Empire and Carthaginian Empire
internos (boarders)
Roman Empire
externos (non-boarders)
Carthaginian Empire
Ranks (empires in ateneo)
“Emperor”;best “Tribune”; second best “Decurion”; third best “Centurion”;fourth best “Standard-bearer”;fifth best
best (rank in empires in ateneo)
Emperor
second best (rank in empires in ateneo)
Tribune
third best (rank in empires in ateneo)
Decurion
fourth best (rank in empires in ateneo)
Centurion
fifth best (rank in empires in ateneo)
Standard-bearer
Banners (empires in ateneo)
Red for the Romans
Blue for the Carthaginians
First defeat
banner of the losing party was transferred to the left side of the room
Second defeat
banner was placed in an inferior position to the right side
Third defeat
inclined flag was placed on the left
Fourth defeat
flag was reversed and returned to the right
Fifth defeat
reversed flag was placed on the left
Sixth defeat
banner was changed with a figure of a donkey
Rizal found the system (empires) _____________
very much to his liking
Why did rizal like the system?
every student was given a fighting
chance to excel in all subjects regardless
of color or station in life
Had a reputation of treating the Filipino students as Spaniards
Ateneo Municipal
How did Ateneo differ from other colleges at that time?
the Jesuits priests did not, as in some other colleges of the time, make the Filipino students by and large, provincianos, lie on petites on the floor and eat on low tables “dulang” with their fingers
He refused to admit Rizal
Father Magin Fernando S.J.
Why did Father Magin Fernando S.J. refuse to admit Rizal?
late enrollment
physically weak and undersized for his age, eleven
Spaniard nephew of Fr. Jose Burgos to whom Rizal seek for recommendation
Dr. Manuel Xerez Burgos
first of his family to adopt the surname
Jose Rizal
enrolled name to avoid suspicions of the Spanish authorities by family name “Mercado”
Jose Rizal
Paciano had used “Mercado” as his surname at the ____________ and he was known to the authorities as __________ favorite student and confidant
College of San Jose
Father Burgos’
old site in the Walled City
Intramuros
burned down
Intramuros
splendid educators
Spanish Jesuits
prestige as an excellent college for boys
Spanish Jesuits
College of San Juan de Letran
Dominicans
charity school
Escuela Pia
a school for poor boys in Manila
Escuela Pia
management of the Jesuits
Escuela Pia
expelled from the Philippines in 1768, returned to Manila in 1859
Jesuits
with discipline, method, and work schedule
Rizal in Ateneo
trained himself for his sacred apostolate
Rizal in Ateneo
conduct himself with excellence
Rizal in Ateneo
without selfish or materialistic motives
Rizal in Ateneo
moved by the spirit of self-abnegation
Rizal in Ateneo
Where rizal boarded (1st year)
Caraballo Street
outside Intramuros, 25-minute walk from school with Pastor Millena
Caraballo Street
family friend
Tandang Titay
paying off a Php 300 debt to the Mercados by taking in Jose as boarder and whose mother lived with them
Tandang Titay
making Jose play for stakes to win money for herself
Tandang Titay
Jose learned “________” by watching Tandang Titay
pangginge
Rizal’s First Day
Mass at the college chapel
Rizal’s class (first day, first year)
great number of boys; Spaniards,
mestizos and Filipinos
Teachers of Jose (first day, first year)
Fr. Jose Bech
Fr. Francisco Paula Sanchez
Fr. Villaclara
first professor; unpredictable
Fr. Jose Bech
favorite mentor
Fr. Francisco Paula Sanchez
liked him very much unaccountably sought to discourage the boy’s devotion to the Muses
Fr. Villaclara
Classmates (first day, first year)
Florencio Gavino Oliva
Joaquin Garrido
Moises Santiago
Gonzalo Marzana
the talented but indolent
Florencio Gavino Oliva
diligent Spanish mestizo; poor memory
Joaquin Garrido
mathematician
Moises Santiago
bright & friendly; became the “Emperor of the Romans”
Gonzalo Marzana
Why was Jose at the bottom of his class at first?
newcomer and knew little Spanish
After a week, Rizal _________________
progresses rapidly
At the end of the month, Rizal was _______________________
Emperor of the Carthaginians
How did Rizal become at the top of his class?
achieved by studying Spanish at midday/Siesta time at the Santa Isabel College for 3 pesos a month
first prize ever won at Ateneo
Saint’s portrait
for his fast status progress and being the brightest pupil in class
Saint’s portrait
During the Second Half of his First Year, Rizal ________________________
Lost interest
Why did rizal lose interest during the second half of his first year?
- harsh words from a professor
- passed all subjects, not too hardworking
- “Excellent”
Rizal’s final grade at the end of the year
“Accesit”
- “Excellent”
placed second in class
- no prize
During the summer vacation, __________________________________
Rizal returned to Calamba
did not enjoy his vacation
- mother was in prison
Neneng brought Rizal with
her to cheer him up
Tanauan
visits mother in prison; gladly embraced her son
Santa Cruz
gave Dona Teodora the news that he had received an accesit
Santa Cruz
Where rizal boarded (after summer vacation)
6 Magallanes Street
inside Intramuos
old widow; lived with her daughter, also a widow, Doña Encarnacion, and other four sons, Jose, Rafael, Ignacio and Ramon
Doña Pepay (6 Magallanes Street)
Second Year in Ateneo
(1873-74)
During his second year, Rizal was ____________
Emperor
repented having neglected his studies the previous year
Second Year in Ateneo
He studied harder
Second Year in Ateneo
regained his lost class leadership
Second Year in Ateneo
Rizal’s new
Justiniano Jao-jocco, Angel and Santiago Carrillo
three boys from Biñan who had been his classmates in the school of Maestro Justiniano
Justiniano Jao-jocco, Angel and Santiago Carrillo
End of the Year (Second Year in Ateneo)
excellent grades in all subjects
“gold medal”
triumphantly returned to Calamba in March for summer vacation
twelve years old
Prophecy of Mother’s Release
Rizal visits his mother again he interpreted her dream as meaning that she would be set free in “three months” and came true
Rizal “Like another Joseph”
likened by his mother in his ability to interpret dreams
Third Year in Ateneo
1874-75
Board & Lodging (Third Year in Ateneo )
House with his brother Paciano
together with a rich town mate called Quintero
June 1874
Opening of classes for his junior year
Mother set free from prison
Third Year in Ateneo
One medal in Latin
Failure to achieve medal in Spanish
failed to win because his spoken Spanish was not fluently sonorous
beaten by a Spaniard, who, naturally, could speak Spanish with fluency and with right accentuation
“Excellent” in all subjects
Board & Lodging
After two months
(Third Year in Ateneo)
left his lodgings and returned to his old landlady Doña Pepay
occupied a room vacated
March 1875
End of the Year (Third Year in Ateneo)
Calamba summer vacation
End of Third Year in Ateneo (March 1875)
Rizal was not impressed by his scholastic work and returned dissatisfied to his hometown
End of Third Year in Ateneo (March 1875)
Board at Ateneo
the family fearing he was neglecting his studies, decided to make him a boarder at college
they hoped that in new surroundings, and meeting new friends, his spirits would somehow be lifted
Fourth year in Ateneo
1875-1876
Rizal became a boarder in Ateneo
Fourth year in Ateneo
When he was 13 years old, he was slightly bow-legged and had a large head for his frail body
Fourth year in Ateneo
a model of rectitude, solitude, and devotion to his pupil’s progress
Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez
Under him, Rizal studied Mathematics, Rhetoric, and Greek with some profit.
Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez
asked him to sculpt a statue of Sacred Heart of Jesus
P.Lleonart
His teacher in sculpture
Romualdo de Jesus
director of the Academy of Drawing and Painting in Manila, and a professor at Ateneo
Don Agustin Saez
Rizal’s teacher in solfeggio, drawing and in painting
Don Agustin Saez
At the end of the year (Fourth year in Ateneo), he was awarded ______________
five medals
Fifth year in Ateneo
1876-1877
Rizal was already a philosopher
Fifth year in Ateneo
He was studying philosophy, physics, chemistry and biology
Fifth year in Ateneo
In his spare time, he cultivated poetry under the direction of Father Sanchez
Fifth year in Ateneo
In his spare time, he cultivated poetry under the direction of __________________________
Father Sanchez
He graduated on March 23, 1877 with a degree of ___________ at the age of ____
bachelor of arts
15
He obtained the highest mark ____________ in all of his subjects
Sobresaliente (Excellent)
It was during the ______________ when Rizal began to take interest in reading Romantic novels.
summer vacation in Calamba
a thrilling novel that made a deep impression on Rizal
“The Count of Monte Cristo”
by Alexander Dumas
hero of the story (The Count of Monte Cristo)
Edmond Dantes
He also read ___________.
non-fictions
a very costly set
“Universal History”
by Cesar Cantu
According to Rizal, this valuable work was of great aid in his studies and enabled him to win more prizes in the Ateneo Municipal.
“Universal History”
by Cesar Cantu
stimulated Rizal’s interest in Theological issues
“Universal History”
by Cesar Cantu
made deep impressions on Rizal
“Travels in the Philippines”
by Dr. Feodor Jagor
the author’s deep observations of the defects of Spanish colonization
“Travels in the Philippines”
by Dr. Feodor Jagor
his [Jagor] prophecy that someday Spain would lose the Philippines and that America would come to succeed as colonizer.
“Travels in the Philippines”
by Dr. Feodor Jagor
Upon the release of Donya Teodora, Rizal was motivated to ________________.
write poems
a greeting on the occasion of his mother’s birthday
“Mi Primera Inspiracion”
My First Inspiration
showed his filial affection in deep, resonant verses
“Mi Primera Inspiracion”
My First Inspiration
professor of Natural Sciences & Philosophy
FR. JOSE VILLACLARA, S.J.
advised Rizal to stop communing with the Muses and pay more attention to more practical studies.
FR. JOSE VILLACLARA, S.J.
Rizal heed his advice and instead, solicited Fr. Sanchez’ help to improve his poetry.
FR. JOSE VILLACLARA, S.J.
a great educator & scholar
FR. FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANCHEZ, S.J.
“ a model of rectitude, solicitude, and devotion to his pupils’ progress.”
FR. FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANCHEZ, S.J.
Rizal’s most beloved professor in Ateneo
FR. FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANCHEZ, S.J.
inspired and encouraged young Rizal to study harder & write poetry
FR. FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANCHEZ, S.J.
improved Rizal’s poetical arts by opening his mind to the enriching influences of world’s literature.
FR. FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANCHEZ, S.J.
as requested by his siblings to greet Antonio Lopez – husband of his sister Narcisa
Felicitacion
(Felicitation
Rizal’s other poems
“Felicitacion”
(Felicitation)
“El Embarque: Himno a la Flota de Magallanes”
(The Departure: Hymn to Magallanes’ Fleet)
“Y Es Español: Elcano, el Primero en dar la Vuelta al Mundo”
(And he is Spanish: Elcano, the first to Circumnavigate the World)
“El Combate: Urbiztondo, Terror de Jolo”
(The Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo)
“Al Niño Jesus”
(To the Child Jesus)
“A la Virgen Maria”
(To the Virgin Mary)
In 1876, he wrote poems on various topics: (4)
Religion
Education
Childhood memories
War
written during his leisure time at school, within 3 months
“La Tragedia de San Eustaquio”
The Tragedy of Saint Eustace
longest poem written then – 2, 414 verses
“La Tragedia de San Eustaquio”
The Tragedy of Saint Eustace
In 1877, he wrote more poems in ___________________.
his last year in the Ateneo Municipal
very emotional poem
“Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo”
In Memory of My Town
about his love and concern to his hometown – Calamba, Laguna
“Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo”
In Memory of My Town
poem of praise to Columbus’ heroic discovery of America
“El Heroismo de Colon”
The Heroism of Columbus
how King John II of Portugal failed to gain popularity and wealth by not financing the expedition of Columbus to the “New World”.
“Colon y Juan II”
Columbus and John II
believed in the significant role which education plays in the progress and welfare of a nation.
“Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria”
Through Education the Country Receives Light
he knew that the most fundamental problem of the Philippines in respect of improvement of conditions - IGNORANCE
“Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria”
Through Education the Country Receives Light
meaningful and a good read for a poetic mind
“Alianza Intima Entre la Religion y la Buena Educacion”
Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education
importance of religion in education
“Alianza Intima Entre la Religion y la Buena Educacion”
Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education
to him, education without God is not true education
“Alianza Intima Entre la Religion y la Buena Educacion”
Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education
about the battle of Lucena
“El Cautivero y El Triumfe”
The Defeat and Triumph
the defeat and imprisonment of Boabdil
“El Cautivero y El Triumfe”
The Defeat and Triumph
a product of his readings in “El Ultimo Abencerrage” when he was 12
“El Cautivero y El Triumfe”
The Defeat and Triumph
a legend in verse of the voyage of Columbus
“Gran Consuelo en la Mayor Desdicha”
Great Comfort in Great Misfortune
triumphant entry of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabel in Granada, Spain.
“La Entrada Triunfal de los Reyes Catholicos en Granada”
The Triumphal Entry of the Catholic Monarchs into Granada
last poem Rizal wrote in Ateneo
“Un Dialogo Alusino a la Despedida de los Colegiales”
A Farewell Dialogue of the Students
poignant poem of farewell to his classmates
“Un Dialogo Alusino a la Despedida de los Colegiales”
A Farewell Dialogue of the Students
carved by Rizal in a hardwood called batikuling
using his pocket knife
Image of OUR VIRGIN MARY
requested by Fr. Lleonart, S.J. an old Jesuit (who was pleased later on)
Image of SACRED HEART OF JESUS
Ateneo boarders placed the sculpture on the door of their dormitory (for nearly 20 years)
Image of SACRED HEART OF JESUS
noted Filipino sculptor
ROMUALDO DE JESUS
Rizal’s teacher in carving
ROMUALDO DE JESUS
played a significant role in Rizal’s last hours in Fort Santiago
Image of SACRED HEART OF JESUS
famous Spanish painter
DON AUGUSTIN SAEZ
taught Rizal in “solfeggio”, painting and drawing
DON AUGUSTIN SAEZ
Director of the Academy of Drawing and Painting in Manila
DON AUGUSTIN SAEZ
Rizal, to develop his weak body, engaged in: (3)
GYMNASTICS
FENCING
NATIVE WRESTLING
Rizal’s physical trainer
UNCLE MANUEL
Prayerful invocations
Memorias
Expressions of trust in God
Memorias
Numerous references to his having prayed to God in private or at Mass
Memorias
Implored the aid of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Memorias
Promoter of the Apostleship of Prayer
Memorias
Daily attendance of Holy Mass
ATENEO PROGRAM OF RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES
Monthly confession and communion
ATENEO PROGRAM OF RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES
Fortnightly spiritual conference
ATENEO PROGRAM OF RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES
Weekly catechetical instruction*
ATENEO PROGRAM OF RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES
Chanting of litanies
ATENEO PROGRAM OF RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES
Rizal received intellectual training and formation in scholastic philosophy.
In Ateneo and later in UST
took courses in scholastic philosophy, which included logic, metaphysics, and ethics, under Father Villaclara.
Last/5th year in Ateneo
religious instruction classes at the Ateneo
Doctrina Cristiana y Moral
principal instrument of his theological formation.
Doctrina Cristiana y Moral
He became familiar with the writings of _________________________
Don Felix Sarda y Salvany
Historia Universal
by Cesare Cantu
by Cesare Cantu
Historia Universal
Courageous defender of the rights of the Church
Cesare Cantu
Personal friend of Pope Pius IX
Cesare Cantu
Only layman to attend the First Vatican Council
Cesare Cantu
Providential structure of history as the world moves forward to higher levels of unity and civilization under the leadership of the Church and the papacy
Cesare Cantu
Catalan diocesan priest
Don Felix Sarda y Salvany
Student of the Jesuits ( a loyal friend as well)
Don Felix Sarda y Salvany
Passionate orator and profilic propagandist
Don Felix Sarda y Salvany
Known for his CRUSADE AGAINST LIBERALISM
Don Felix Sarda y Salvany
manual of the ultra-conservative Integrist Party
El liberalism es pecado
arrived from Spain to stay at the Ateneo Municipal for about a year (1875-1876)
FR. PABLO PASTELLS, S.J.
SUBPREFECT – Ateneo boarders
FR. PABLO PASTELLS, S.J.
DIRECTOR – Congregacion Mariana
FR. PABLO PASTELLS, S.J.
spiritual guide and director
FR. PABLO PASTELLS, S.J.
“one who had guided conscience in much more propitious times”
FR. PABLO PASTELLS, S.J.
had very special and profound relationship with Rizal
FR. PABLO PASTELLS, S.J.
now known as the Christian Life Communities
CONGREGACION MARIANA
Sodality of Our Lady
an association limited to boys who showed great virtue and intelligence
CONGREGACION MARIANA
Sodality of Our Lady
Rizal was secretary – from being a member.
CONGREGACION MARIANA
Sodality of Our Lady
gathered on Sundays and celebrated the Holy Mass together
CONGREGACION MARIANA
Sodality of Our Lady
ordered to go to the provincial prison, which was is Santa Cruz, by foot instead of the usual way which was by boat.
DONYA TEODORA
There was a disagreement with Jose Alberto and his wife then it led to the wife pressing charges to Jose Alberto and _____________- for attemted murder
Dona Teodora
The lieutenant captured Dona Teodora with the help of the Gobernadorcillo of Calamba, _____________.
Antonio Vivencio del Rosario
Donya Teodora’s lawyers were _________________ and _____________.
Manuel Marzan
Francisco de Marcaida
She was imprisoned for _____________ before she was released by the __________.
2 ½ years
Manila Royal Audencia
Opened Rizal’s eyes to the Spanish judicial injustice
Donya Teodora’s imprisonment
JPR’s puppy love
JULIA CELESTE-SMITH
JPR was only 15 when he met her
JULIA CELESTE-SMITH
He was exploring when he heard her singing. He saw her taking a bath at the upstream. She was with her grandmother.
JULIA CELESTE-SMITH
They parted as good friends but that was the end of their encounter as they’ve never met again.
JULIA CELESTE-SMITH
Jose’s first love
SEGUNDA KATIGBAK
a 14 year old girl from Lipa, Batangas when she met the 16 year old JPR
SEGUNDA KATIGBAK
the sister of Mariano Katigbak, the friend of JPR
SEGUNDA KATIGBAK
He first saw her at the house of his grandmother who was a friend of her and Mariano’s father in Trozo.
SEGUNDA KATIGBAK
He was asked to paint her and everytime she looks at him, he blushes.
SEGUNDA KATIGBAK
SEGUNDA KATIGBAK
Their love was doomed even before it started as she was already engaged to Manuel Luz .
SEGUNDA KATIGBAK
Their love was doomed even before it started as Segunda was already engaged to ___________.
Manuel Luz
a heritage house on Lipa, Batangas currently houses the kolumpyo and the chess table that JPR used when he was playing chess with Manuel Luz.
Casa de Segunda
