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RLW > Rizal & His Times > Flashcards

Rizal & His Times Flashcards

1
Q

Rizal’s Birth

A

June 19, 1861

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2
Q

What are the Problems encountered by Filipinos under the Spanish Government?

A

Instability of Colonial Administration
Corrupt Colonial Officials
Philippine Representation in Spanish Cortes
Human Rights to Filipinos
No Equality Before the Law
Maladministration of Justice
Racial Discrimination
Frailocracy
Forced Labor
Haciendas Owned by the Friars
The Guardia Civil

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3
Q

Who is the King marked the beginning of political chaos in Spain. From 1835-1897, the Philippines was ruled by 50 governors-general, each serving an average term of only one year and three months.

A

King Ferdinand VII

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4
Q

From 1835-1897, the Philippines was ruled by _______________, each
serving an average term of only one year and three months.

A

50 governors-general

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5
Q

Spanish colonial officials were of the same evil bred of men as the corrupt and degenerate governor-general mentioned above.

A

Corrupt Colonial Officials

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6
Q

A boastful ad ruthless governor general who ordered the execution of Father Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora “Martyrs of 1872”

A

General Rafael de Izquierdo (1871-73)

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7
Q

He was a good Moro Fighter, but was an inept and weak administrator.

A

Admiral Jose Malcampo (1874-77)

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8
Q

Governor General for two terms enriched himself by accepting bribes from gambling casinos in Manila which he scandalously permitted to operate

A

General Fernando Primo de Rivera (1880-83 & 1897-98)

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9
Q

A cruel and corrupt governor-general of Hispanic-German ancestry, arrived in Manila a poor man and returned to Spain millionaire

A

General Valriano Weyler (1888-91)

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10
Q

The Filipinos scornfully called him a “tyrant”. An able militarist but heartless governor general, was widely detested by the Filipino people for executing Dr. Rizal.

A

General Camilo de Polavieja (1896-97)

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11
Q

The Philippines was granted representation by Spain to win the support of the overseas colonies during the Napoleonic invasion

A

Spanish Cortes

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12
Q

The Philippines’s first period of representation in the Cortes

A

1810 to 1813

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13
Q

Spain’s first democratic constitution
Extended to Philippines

A

Constitution of 1812

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14
Q

*First Philippine delegate who took active part in framing of the Constitution of 1812 (one of the 184 signers)
*abolition of the galleon trade
*1820-1823 - the Philippines’s second period of representation
*1834-1837 - the Philippines’s third period of representation
*both were less fruitful than the first period of representational the Philippine delegates were not as energetic and devoted in parliamentary work as De los Reyes

A

Ventura de los Reyes(1810-13)

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15
Q

*One of the Filipino patriots who valiantly pleaded for the restoration of the Philippine representation in the Cortes
*On October 12, 1883 during the 391st anniversary of the discovery of America by Columbus in Madrid he implored:

A

Graciano Lopez Jaena

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16
Q

*What were the two countries granted representation in 1876
*Until the end of Spanish rule in 1898, the Philippine representation was never restored

A

Cuba and Puerto Rico

17
Q

Spanish Constitution of 1812, the people of spain enjoyed
*Freedoom of Speech
*Freedoom of Press
*Freedoom of Association
*Other human rights (except freedom of religion)

A

Human Rights Denied to Filipinos

18
Q

*Spanish economist and diplomat
*Acknowledge the lack of freedom of Filipinos
*“Why do we fall into an anomaly, such as combining our claim for liberty for ourselves, and or wish to impose our law to remote people? Why do we deny to others the benefit which we desire for our fatherland?

A

Sinibaldo de Mas

19
Q

*Spanish missionaries taught all are children of God regardless of color & race
*Most Filipinos are mesmerized by the concept of Christians
*Luzon and Visayas hinterlands, Mindanao, Sulu

A

No Equality Before the Law

20
Q

*Promoted by Christian monarchs of Spain
*Protection rights and promotion of welfare;
*Good colonial laws; Christian charity and justice =/ distant colonies; Philippines
*Abused, brutalized, persecuted and slandered
*Law is only for Spaniards

A

Leyes De Indias (Law of the Indies)

21
Q

*Enforced in the Philippines
*Heavier for Filipinos or Mestizos =/ white complexioned Spaniards
*Legal inequality resented by Filipinos
*Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt to Dr. Rizal; 1887
*“The provision of the Penal Code that a heavier penalty will be imposed on the Indio or mestizo irritates me exceedingly, because it signifies that every person not born white is in fact, latent criminal. This is a very great injustice that seems enormous and unjust for being embodied in law.”

A

Spanish Penal Code

22
Q

The actions of a government body which can be seen as causing an injustice. The definition of ________ is wide and can include: delay, incorrect action or failure to take any action.

A

Maladministration

23
Q

Arrested and jailed in Cavite for 12 years due to the suspicion that he killed two men on June 7, 1886 without preliminary investigation and proper trial. After the Battle of Manila Bay (May 1, 1898), the Americans found him on his jail.

A

Juan de la Cruz

24
Q

Rizal’s Mother was unjustly arrested and jailed on flimy ground

A

Dona Teodora

25
Q

deported to dapitan on July, 1892 without a trial

A

Rizal

26
Q

exiled to different places without due process of the law

A

Paciano and Rizal’s several brother-in-law

27
Q

Spaniards
*Introduced Christianity into the Philippines with it’s beautiful egalitarian concept of brotherhood of all men under God the Father
*Propagated Christian faith, but seldom practiced its sublime tenets.
*Regarded Filipinos as inferior beings who were infinitely undeserving of the rights and privileges

A

Racial Discrimination

28
Q

A white skin, high nose were and Castilian lineage were a badge of vaunted superiority

A

Rizal’s time

29
Q

Term used by the Spaniards to call brown-skinned and flat-nosed Filipinos

A

Indio (Indians)

30
Q

Who said this: Bewailed the Spanish misconception that a man’s merit depended on the pigment of his skin, the height of his nose, the color of his hair, and the shape of his skull; and complained of the lack of opportunities for educated young Filipinos to rise in the service of God and Country

A

Jose P. Burgos

31
Q

Owing to the Spanish political philosophy of union of Church and State, there arose a unique form of government in Hispanic Philippines called “ “ so named because it was a “government by friars”

A

Frailocracy

32
Q

*They were Augustinians, Dominicans and Franciscans
*Controlled the religious and educational life of the Philippines.
*19th century they came to acquire tremendous political power, influence and riches
*Ruled the Philippines through a facade of civil government.
*Almost every town in the archipelago, except in unpacified Islamic Mindanao and ulu and in the pagan hinterlands, was ruled by a friar curate.

A

Friars

33
Q

Jose Rizal, M.H Del Pilar, G. Lopez Jaena and other Filipino reformist assailed frailocracy blaming it for the prevailing policy of obscurantism, fanaticism, and oppression in the country.

A

Frailocracy

34
Q

Jose Rizal, M.H Del Pilar, G. Lopez Jaena and other Filipino reformist assailed frailocracy blaming it for the prevailing policy of obscurantism, fanaticism, and oppression in the country.

A

Frailocracy

35
Q

During the Spanish regime, all male Filipino from 18 to 60 years of age were required to give their free labor, called ___ to the government

A

Polo

36
Q

How many days this labor reduced in 1885

A

40-15 days

37
Q

One who rendered forced labor was called a?

A

Polista

38
Q

*Created ny the Royal Decree of February 12, 1882 as amended by the Royal Decree of March 24, 1888 and was patterned after the Guardia Civil in Spain

A

The Guardia Civil

39
Q

Character that Rizal used to exposed the wrong doings of the Guardia Civil in the Philippines in Noli

A

Elias

RLW (2 decks)

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