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AS Geography > Rivers - The Basics > Flashcards

Rivers - The Basics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the edge of the drainage basin called?

A

Watershed

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2
Q

What are the landforms which entail that the river is in the upper course?

A
  • Thin width
  • Not very deep
  • Angular bed load
  • Slow water velocity
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3
Q

Factors which entail that the river is in the middle course:

A
  • Rounded Bed Load
  • Wide river channel
  • Meanders present
  • Faster Velocity
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4
Q

What is clast size?

A

The size and shape of the bed load in that specific site.

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5
Q

What is velocity?

A

How powerful and fast the river flow is traveling

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6
Q

What is the wetted perimeter?

A

The length of river bank and river bed touching the water. It is measured from waters edge to waters edge.

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7
Q

What is the fastest flowing section of the river called?

A

The Thalweg

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8
Q

When describing a rivers discharge, what is the name of the graph used?

A

A hydrograph

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9
Q

What do you measure a rivers discharge in?

A

Cumecs

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10
Q

What is the name for the time between PEAK RAINFALL and PEAK DISCHARGE.

A

Lag time

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11
Q

In a rivers hydrograph, what is the name for the increasing amount of discharge?

A

Rising Limb

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12
Q

In a rivers hydrograph, what name is given to the falling discharge of the river?

A

Falling limb

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13
Q

What does the Hjulström Curve do?

A

Measures whether a river will erode, transport or deposit sediment.

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14
Q

What factors may affect infiltration rates?

A
  • Amount of impermeable material surrounding
  • The geology of the land
  • Location
  • How much vegetation there is in the area
  • Urbanisation levels
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15
Q

What is infiltration?

A

The process of precipitate entering soil. It is scientifically the rate in which soil can absorb rainfall or irrigation.

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16
Q

Amount of water lost by interception (average per year) by temperate pine forests:

A

94% - low intensity rainfall

15% - high intensity rainfall

17
Q

The name given to two rivers joining:

A

Confluence

18
Q

What is the largest drainage basin the in the world?

A

The Amazon Rainforest - covers 40% of South America

19
Q

Where does a river begin?

A

A source

20
Q

What affects a rivers discharge?

A
  • Size or shape of river basin
  • Soil depth
  • Amount of interception
  • Climate
  • Shape of land
  • Gradient of ground
  • Geology
21
Q

What is water transfer?

A

When water is moved within the system (infiltration, percolation, overland flow etc.)

22
Q

What are water stores?

A

Ways in which water is held in the system (puddles, lakes, interception stores etc.)

23
Q

What are water inputs?

A

Ways in which water enters the system (precipitation, evaporation)

24
Q

What are water outputs?

A

Ways in which water leaves the system (evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration, discharge into the sea etc.)

25
Q

Water moving downhill through soil layers - generally slowly but can be influenced by roots or soil weaknesses which form natural pipes in which water flows faster

A

Through flow

26
Q

Evapotranspiration

A

The combined of evaporation and transpiration that result in water loss from a leaf.

27
Q

When water is slowed by vegetation roots so that the precipitation cannot immediately infiltrate through the soil.

A

Interception

28
Q

When water moves from the surface layers of soil into deeper layers of soil and rock

A

Percolation

29
Q

The process in which water vapour is converted to water

A

Condensation

30
Q

The storage of water in hollows and holes in the ground surface to form puddles.

A

Depression storage

31
Q

The movement of water downhill within river channels

A

Channel flow

32
Q

Area of land in which precipitate collects to then filters into the river channel.

A

Drainage Basin

33
Q

What name is given to the theoretical graph which displays the balance between precipitation and evapotranspiration

A

The water budget model

34
Q

What is the problem with excess water saturating the ground?

A

Excess water then has more difficulty infiltrating the ground - making the additional water transport as surface runoff.

35
Q

When a waterfall retreats, what is left in the wake of the erosion?

A

A gorge

36
Q

What is the name given to the pool at the bottom of waterfall?

A

Plunge pool

37
Q

When a waterfall retreats, what is created in the river channel?

A

Rapids

AS Geography (8 decks)

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