Rivers

Question 1

Types of erosion

Answer 1

Solution
Attrition
Abrasions
Hydraulic action

Question 2

Erosion

Answer 2

The wearing away of rock and soul found along the river bed and banks

Question 3

Solution

Answer 3

Soluble particles are dissolved

Question 4

Abrasion

Answer 4

Rocks carried along by the river and scrapes along the river

Question 5

Attrition

Answer 5

Rocks being carried by the river smash together and break into smaller, smoother and rounder

Question 6

Hydraulic action

Answer 6

The force of the rivers against the banks can cause air to be trapped in cracks and crevices. The pressure weakens the banks and gradually wears it away

Question 7

Transpiration

Answer 7

The movement of sediment along the river course

Question 8

Types of transportation

Answer 8

Suspension
Traction
Solution
Saltation

Question 9

Suspension

Answer 9

Fine, light material is carried along by the river

Question 10

traction

Answer 10

large boulders and rocks are rolled along the river bed

Question 11

solution

Answer 11

minerals are dissolved in the water. this is a chemical change

Question 12

saltation

Answer 12

small pebbles and stones are bounced along the river bed

Question 13

causes of flooding

what makes a flood happen?

Answer 13

heavy rainfall 
steep land
built up areas
cutting down trees
lots of impermeable ground

Question 14

effects of floods

what good and bad things do floods cause?

Answer 14

deaths
home damaged
people without access to drinking water
risk of diseases spreading
schools and hospitals difficult to get to
bridges swept away
transport is difficult
farmland lost

Question 15

responses to flooding

what did people do after the flood?

Answer 15

charities send aid
governments of other countries send help/money
people are evacuated to safety 
temporary homes set up
clean drinking water provided to people
bridges ands road repaired

Question 16

hard engineering

Answer 16

physically changing the shape of the river or building structures to prevent flooding

Question 17

embankments

Answer 17

they are mounds of earth built up at both sides of a river to increase the amount of water that the river can hold

Question 18

flood walls

Answer 18

this are walls built along a river to protect vulnerable areas from water damage e.g housing

Question 19

straightening and deepening the river channel

Answer 19

making rivers straight means that the water will flow more quickly through this part of the river, giving it less chance to fill up and flood. rivers can be made deeper in order for them to hold more water

Question 20

dams

Answer 20

they are often built along the course of the river in order to control the amount of discharge. water is held back by the dam and released in a controlled way. this controls flooding. water is usually stored in a reservoir behind the dam

Question 21

soft engineering

Answer 21

working with the natural environment to prevent flooding or flood damage

Question 22

land-use zoning

Answer 22

this is when more important buildings are built far away from the river to prevent damage e.g. hospitals
whereas less important land such as football pitches are closer to the river as they will not be faced with flooding much