Rivers

Question 1

EROSION processes

Answer 1

vertical erosion lateral erosion headward erosion abrasion attrition hydraulic action cavitation corrosion

Question 2

TRANSPORT processes

Answer 2

traction saltation suspension solution

Question 3

what affects channel flow and velocity?

Answer 3

1. type of flow 2. channel shape 3. channel roughness

Question 4

EROSION landforms

Answer 4

waterfall/gorge v shaped valley

Question 5

DEPOSITION landforms

Answer 5

delta

Question 6

factors affecting EROSION

Answer 6

LOAD - the heavier and sharper the load, the more erosion VELOCITY - greater the velocity, the greater the potential for erosion GRADIENT - increased gradient increases rate of erosion GEOLOGY - weak unconsolidated rocks are easily eroded compared to consolidated rocks. pH - rates of solution are increased with more acidic water HUMAN IMPACT - deforestation, dams and bridges interfere with the natural flow of river and often increase the rate of erosion

Question 7

DEPOSITION landforms

Answer 7

deltas braided channels levees

Question 8

factors affecting EROSION

Answer 8

LOAD - the heavier and sharper the load, the more erosion VELOCITY - greater the velocity, the greater the potential for erosion GRADIENT - increased gradient increases rate of erosion GEOLOGY - weak unconsolidated rocks are easily eroded compared to consolidated rocks. pH - rates of solution are increased with more acidic water HUMAN IMPACT - deforestation, dams and bridges interfere with the natural flow of river and often increase the rate of erosion

Question 9

EROSION and DEPOSITION landforms

Answer 9

meanders oxbow lakes

Question 10

what is LATERAL EROSION?

Answer 10

erosion of the sides of a river bank (widening)

Question 11

what is VERTICAL EROSION?

Answer 11

erosion of river bed (deepening)

Question 12

what is HEADWARD EROSION?

Answer 12

increases length of channel

Question 13

waterfall PROCESSES

Answer 13

HYDRAULIC ACTION ABRASION

Question 14

WHERE does a waterfall form?

Answer 14

UPPER COURSE where there is a layer of resistant rock above a layer of weaker rock

Question 15

HOW does a waterfall form?

Answer 15

weaker rock is undercut by HYDRAULIC ACTION and ABRASION in the process of enlarging the plunge pool at the base of the waterfall. Collapse and retreat then occur, and the waterfall travels upstream, leaving a gorge behind.

Question 16

what is a GORGE?

Answer 16

a narrow steep sided valley

Question 17

HOW is a gorge formed?

Answer 17

1. left behind following waterfall retreat 2. opening up of a fault line

Question 18

OPPORTUNITIES of waterfalls and gorges

Answer 18

HEP tourism easy to create dams

Question 19

OPPORTUNITIES of waterfalls and gorges

Answer 19

HEP tourism easy to create dams

Question 20

meander PROCESSES

Answer 20

EROSION of outer bank resulting in RIVER CLIFFS DEPOSITION at inner bank forming POINT BARS/SLIP OFF SLOPES

Question 21

oxbow PROCESSES

Answer 21

result from LATERAL EROSION (and DEPOSITION (closing off the lake from river) caused by centrifugal forces.

Question 22

delta PROCESSES

Answer 22

Sediment is DEPOSITED due to FLOCCULATION.

Question 23

what is FLOCCULATION?

Answer 23

the process in which clay and silt particles combine when fresh water mixes with the salt water. the heavier particles sink more rapidly.