Rivers

Question 0

What are the two ways the graph can be used for?

Answer 0

To predict the magnitude over a certain time period

To estimate the frequency of a certain magnitude

Question 1

What is magnitude and what can it be used for?

Answer 1

It refers to the severity of floods. And can be used to predict the return period of a flood event of a particular scale in conjunction with frequency.

Question 2

How do you calculate the recurrence interval?

Answer 2

RI= (n+1) divided by R

Question 3

What is the lag time and peak like for a FLASHY hydrograph?

Answer 3

Short lag time

High peak

Question 4

What is the lag time and peak like for a FLAT hydrograph?

Answer 4

Long lag time

Low and flat peak

Question 5

Does a Flashy hydrograph have a small or large basin?

Answer 5

Small

Question 6

Does a Flat hydrograph have a small or large basin?

Answer 6

Large

Question 7

What is the drainage density like for a Flashy hydrograph?

Answer 7

High

Question 8

What is the drainage density like for a flat hydrograph?

Answer 8

Low

Question 9

What type of rocks does a flashy hydrograph have?

Answer 9

Impermeable

Question 10

What type of rocks does a flat hydrograph have?

Answer 10

Permeable

Question 11

What does the storm hydrograph show?

Answer 11

The variation in a Rivers discharge over a short period of time

Question 12

How do you calculate lag time

Answer 12

Peak discharge - peak rainfall

Question 13

how does a reduced infiltration affect the surface run off?

Answer 13

Increases it

Question 14

How does a reduced infiltration, and increased surface run off affect the lag time and peak discharge?

Answer 14

Reduces lag time

Increases peak discharge

Question 15

Name the 4 erosion processes?

Answer 15

Abrasion
Attrition
Solution
Hydraulic Action

Question 16

Name the 4 transportation processes?

Answer 16

Traction
Saltation
Solution
Suspension

Question 17

Give a waterfall example?

Answer 17

Thornton Force in North Yorkshire

Question 18

Name 3 delta shapes?

Answer 18

Cuspate
Arcuate
Birds Foot

Question 19

How do you calculate drainage density?

Answer 19

Length of streams divided by area of basin

Question 20

What is Water surplus in relation to the Water Balance Graph? - and what effect does this have on the soul and excess water

Answer 20

When precipitation is higher than evapotranspiration, so soil becomes saturated and excuses water has difficulty infiltrating

Question 21

What is soil moisture recharge in relation to the water balance graph? - when does it happen and why

Answer 21

The replenishment of water into the dry pores of soil, which occurs when the autumn rainfall exceeds the amount which can be evaporated

Question 22

What is soil moisture utilisation in relation to the water balance graph?

Answer 22

When evapotranspiration is higher than precipitation

Question 23

In soil moisture utilisation how are water demands then met?

Answer 23

By water being drawn to the surface by capillary action - chains of droplets - reducing water amount in the soil or river

Question 24

What is the field capacity in relation to the water balance graph?

Answer 24

The normal amount of water that can be held by the soil

Question 25

What does the Hjulstrom Curve show?

Answer 25

The relationship between the velocity of a river and the size of particles that can be eroded, deposited or transported

Question 26

What is another geographical term for ‘particles’ ?

Answer 26

Competence