Rivers Flashcards

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0
Q

Movement of water into the soil from the surface

A

Infiltration

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1
Q

Water running down stems, leaves and branches of trees and vegetation

A

Stem flow

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2
Q

Water runs down the surface, into rivers, seas or surface stores

A

Surface run off/ overland flow

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3
Q

Movement of water into rocks below the surface

A

Percolation

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4
Q

Movement of water through rocks underground

A

Groundwater flow

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5
Q

Water turns from a liquid, to a water vapour, a gas and then rises into the atmosphere

A

Evaporation

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6
Q

Vegetation and trees lose water through leaves

A

Transpiration

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7
Q

Flow of water in a river into a storage, river or sea

A

Streamflow

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8
Q

Movement of water downhill in the soil

A

Through flow

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9
Q

Leaves on trees catch water

A

Interception

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10
Q

Level of water in the ground or soil

A

Water table

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11
Q

When soil is full of water

A

Saturation

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12
Q

Water stored in rocks underground

A

Groundwater storage

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13
Q

Water dripping from the canopy

A

Leaf drip

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14
Q

Water flowing in rivers to the sea

A

Channel flow

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15
Q

Where a river starts, often high up, where rain collects or a spring is found

A

Source

16
Q

A smaller river or stream flowing into a larger river

A

Tributary

17
Q

An area of tidal water just before the mouth

A

Estuary

18
Q

Where the river meets the sea

A

Mouth

19
Q

Where 2 rivers meet

A

Confluence

20
Q

A flat area either side of a river, which floods when the river overflows

A

Floodplain

21
Q

An imaginary line along the drainage basin, separating it from other drainage basins, usually high land

A

Watershed

22
Q

Load carried by a river will grind against its bed and sides

A

Abrasion

23
Q

When rocks get thrown against the sides and bed of rivers, the load gets broken into smaller pieces

A

Attrition

24
Q

A graph representing erosion, transportation and deposition

A

Hjulström curve

25
Q

Small pebbles and stones are bounced along the river bed

A

Saltation

26
Q

Minerals are dissolved in the water

A

Solution

27
Q

Fine, light material is carried along by the river

A

Suspension

28
Q

Large boulders and rocks are rolled along the river bed

A

Traction

29
Q

Plants and animals cause rocks to break up. Plants grow in cracks in the rocks, and their roots push the rocks apart. Animals burrow and break up the rocks

A

Biological weathering

30
Q

Rain is slightly acidic, so when it comes in contact with rocks, it wears away the top layer of rock

A

Chemical weathering

31
Q

In upland areas, where it gets cold, water gets into the rocks and it freezes. The water then expands when it turns to ice, so it puts pressure on the rock, which causes the rock to break up

A

Freeze-thaw weathering

32
Q

White water

A

Turbulent water

33
Q

Smooth calm water

A

Laminar