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Geog 25 > Rivers > Flashcards

Rivers Flashcards

1
Q

What is a tributary

A

A stream that flows into a large river

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2
Q

Confluence

A

The point where two rivers meet

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3
Q

Water shed

A

Boundary between drainage basins often a ridge of high land

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4
Q

End of river into lake or ocean

A

Mouth

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5
Q

Source

A

Starting point of river eg glacier

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6
Q

Drainage basin

A

Area of land that drains water to certain point

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7
Q

What are inputs in the drainage basin system

A

Percipation

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8
Q

Outputs in drainage basin system

A

Evapotransportation
River channel
Evaporation

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9
Q

Stores I. Drainage basin system

A

Groundwater
Interception by vegetation
River channel

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10
Q

Transfers

A

Sutface runnof
Throughflow
Groundwater flow
Infiltration
Percukation

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11
Q

Upper course characteristics

A

Narrow
Shallow
Large boulders

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12
Q

Middle course

A

Wide
Deep
Smaller load
Rounde load

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13
Q

Lower course characteristics

A

Wide
Deep smooth bank
Small and round load

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14
Q

Erosion types

A

Corrosion
Attrition
Solution
Hydraulic action

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15
Q

Corrosion

A

Scraping and rubbing action of load rock fragments scrape along bed

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16
Q

Attrition

A

Banging of load off each other making it smaller and rounder

17
Q

Solution

A

Rainfall naturally acidic therefore soluble minerals in rock are dissolving

18
Q

Hydraulic action

A

Sheer force of water pushes air in cracks which breaks rocks

19
Q

Transportation types

A

Traction
Saltation
Suspension
Solution

20
Q

Traction

A

Rolling and sliding if large rocks /boulders along river

21
Q

Saltation

A

Bouncing of rock along bed

22
Q

Suspension

A

Transport of very small load held up by river some rivers carry huge amounts of sediment

23
Q

Solution

A

Soluble minerals carried via solution transport

24
Q

Deposition meaning

A

The dropping of material on the earths surface

25
Q

What are the physical cause of flooding in Somerset levels

A

Heavy rainfall and high tides
Impermeable ground due to rainfall

26
Q

Human causes of flooding

A

Extra water sent in from Taunton and bridge water

River parret and tones hand not been dredged properly in 20 years

27
Q

Flood plain

A

An area of flat low lying ground over which a river meanders formed mainly of river sediment and subject to flooding

28
Q

Levees meaning

A

A ridge of sediment deposited naturally alongside a river in times of flood

29
Q

Physical causes of flooding

A

Heavy rainfall
Snowmelt
Impermeable rock
Saturated ground

30
Q

Human causes of flooding

A

Urbanisation
Deforestation
Narrowing river channel

31
Q

Hard engineering flood controls

A

Dams
Dee ping river channel
Straightening river
Building up levees
Flood walls

32
Q

Soft engineering flood controls

A

Afforestation
Floodplain zoning
Washlands

33
Q

Soft engineering flood controls

A

Afforestation
Floodplain zoning
Washlands

Geog 25 (2 decks)

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