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GEOG272 > River Systems (Theme6) > Flashcards

River Systems (Theme6) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal sequence of processes in landscape development?

A

Weathering, erosion, transport, deposition

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2
Q

What are the forces of river weathering & erosion?

A
  1. Hydraulic action
  2. Abrasion
  3. Attrition
  4. Solution (chem erosion)
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3
Q

What are the 2 factors contributing to the transportation of river particles?

A

Size
Velocity

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4
Q

What are the 4 types of transportation?

A
  1. Solution
  2. Suspension
  3. Saltation (sautation)
  4. Traction (river bottom)
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5
Q

Where are river energy levels the lowest?

A

Where lakes or seas meet with rivers

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6
Q

What type of land forms when deposition occurs?

A

River deltas

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7
Q

What does the long profile of a river describe?

A

Source to mouth - rivers are cutting route and flattening down towards mouth

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8
Q

What does water balance equation say?

A

Water inputs = water outputs + change in storage

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9
Q

What 2 types of events contribute to the precipitation in the water cycle?

A

-Extreme events
-low magnitude events

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10
Q

What is a drainage divide?

A

High point separating one or more drainage basins. Can be a point or a line

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11
Q

How is stream order classified?

A

1st, 2nd, nth order streams depending on if they are closer to the source or the mouth. Stream order increases where 2 or more streams become confluent.

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of stream?

A

Intermittent stream (dry during parts of the year)
Permanent streams
Ephemeral streams (flow briefly for a few hours after extreme rainfall events)

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13
Q

What are the 4 drainage patterns? Describe each.

A

Dendritic - branches
Trellis - develops in linear mountain valleys (product of anticline & syncline folded rock structures - erosivity impacts drainage shape)
Rectangular - Joints/cracks in landscape directs water in right angles
Radial - water flowing from central dome/peak (volcano)

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14
Q

What 2 factors is stream discharge (Q) dependent on ?

A

-Climate
-Resisting framework (shape, geology)

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15
Q

What is it called when the entire river channel is filled? What is the consequence of this?

A

Bankfull discharge = maximum force = maximum erosion

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16
Q

What causes a knickpoint?

A

More resistant strata with less resistant (more erosive) strata underneath.

17
Q

Can nickpoints move over time?

A

Yes. They move upstream with the erosion of less resistant strata under riverbed.

18
Q

What are the 4 different types of river channel?

A

Straight (sinuosity < 1.3)
Meandering ( sin. > 1.5)

Braided (unvegetated bars)
Anastomosing/Anabranching (vegetated islands)

19
Q

Along the longitudinal profile, how does channel gradient change?

A

Decreases

20
Q

Along the longitudinal profile, how does discharge change?

A

Increases

21
Q

Along the longitudinal profile, how does Velocity change?

A

Decreases

22
Q

Along the longitudinal profile, how does cross-sectional area change?

A

Increases

23
Q

What is Lane’s stable channel balance

A

sediment load vs discharge.
Incision vs Aggradation

24
Q

What is the line of fastest/strongest flow called?

A

Thalweg. Outside lines of each curve.

25
Q

What does the curving of a river in a floodplain lead to?

A

erosion of outer bank
formation of point bars (inner banks)
meandering cut off -> oxbow lakes

26
Q

What do you call an abandoned floodplain?

A

A terrace

27
Q

What type of river planiform is this?

A

Meandering. Sinuosity > 1.5

28
Q

What type of river planiform is this?

A

Braided. Notice: unvegetated bars

29
Q

What type of river planiform is this?

A

Anastomosing. Notice: vegetated islands

30
Q

What is Lane’s Stable Channel Balance?

A

fundamental controls of river forms. Sediment load, discharge, sediment size, stream slope, etc.

31
Q

What process occurs when rivers are slow and flat?

A

aggradation. deposition of sediment

32
Q

What process occurs when rivers are fast and steep?

A

Incision. Processes of erosion + transport

33
Q
A
34
Q

What are the two types of sediment sorting that can occur in deposition?

A

Horizontal and vertical sorting.

35
Q

What are 3 main types of delta?

A

Arcuate delta
Cuspate delta
Bird’s foot delta

36
Q

What 4 variables control delta morphology?

A
  1. Sediment Load.
  2. Discharge
  3. Wave energy
  4. Tidal range

GEOG272 (4 decks)

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