River Landscapes In The Uk

Question 1

What is a drainage basin

Answer 1

The area of land drained by a river

Question 2

Drainage basin are …… systems and have both …. And ….

Answer 2

Open system
Inputs and outputs

Question 3

How does water enter the drainage basin

Answer 3

Precipitation ( rain, hail, sleet, snow)

Question 4

How does water leave the drainage basin

Answer 4

Rivers flowing out to sea

Question 5

Catchment area

Answer 5

Area within the drainage basin

Question 6

Watershed

Answer 6

Edge of highland surrounding a drainage basin

Question 7

Source

Answer 7

Start of a river

Question 8

Confluence

Answer 8

The point where to rivers/ streams join

Question 9

Tributary

Answer 9

A smaller river/ stream joining a larger stream/ river

Question 10

Mouth

Answer 10

End of river/ point where it meets the sea

Question 11

Infiltration

Answer 11

Water soaking into the soil

Question 12

River channel flow

Answer 12

The water movement (speed/ velocity) in a river

Question 13

Precipitation

Answer 13

Rainfall/ sleet/ snow/ hail

Question 14

Transpiration

Answer 14

Where plants and trees release moisture to cool down

Question 15

Soil moisture

Answer 15

A store of water in the soil

Question 16

Percolation

Answer 16

Water soaking into the rocks

Question 17

Ground water flow

Answer 17

Water moving through rocks towards a river

Question 18

Surface storage

Answer 18

Where water is stored as lakes, ditches, puddles

Question 19

Through flow

Answer 19

Water flowing through the soil towards a river

Question 20

Ground water store

Answer 20

Where water is stored in porous rocks underground

Question 21

Interception

Answer 21

Where trees block raindrops slowing them down before they reach the surface

Question 22

Surface runoff

Answer 22

Overland flooding

Question 23

Vertical erosion

Answer 23

Erosion of the river bed

Question 24

Lateral erosion

Answer 24

Erosion of the river banks

Question 25

Hydraulic action

Answer 25

Sheer force causing bed/ banks to erode

Question 26

Abrasion

Answer 26

Material by river scraping along the bed and banks

Question 27

Attrition

Answer 27

Eroded material carried by river river hitting into each other and breaking into smaller pieces

Question 28

Solution

Answer 28

Acids in the water causing erosion

Question 29

River load

Answer 29

Material river is carrying

Question 30

Low flow

Answer 30

River water levels are low( dry periods)

Question 31

Transportation

Answer 31

Movement of material by the river

Question 32

Traction

Answer 32

Dragging large boulders along the river bed

Question 33

Saltation

Answer 33

Small pebbles and rocks are bounced along river bed

Question 34

Suspension

Answer 34

Fine, light particles carried in flow of river

Question 35

Solution

Answer 35

Minerals dissolved in river

Question 36

Deposition

Answer 36

River dropping material it’s carrying

Question 37

When will a river deposit its load and in what course of the river

Answer 37

When it looses energy Upper course

Question 38

Where might smaller material be deposited

Answer 38

Lower course

Question 39

Formation of v- shaped valley and interlocking spur

Answer 39

1. River transports its load 2.abrasion creates steep sided banks 3. Banks are unsupported 4. Banks collapse ( v- shaped valley formed) 5. If there are areas of harder rock, river will bend around it. (Interlocking spur)

Question 40

Formation of waterfall & gorges

Answer 40

Layer of harder rock lays on top of softer rock… 1. Softer begins to erode creating a steep river bed 2. Rock continues to erode and steep drop is created ( waterfall) 3.erosion at the base of the waterfall leads to the beginning of a plunge pool 4. The rocks continue to collapse, deepening the plunge pool below 5. Waterfall retreats leaving a gorge behind

Question 41

What is a meander and what course of the river is it found

Answer 41

Bend in a river Middle or lower course

Question 42

What is an oxbow lake

Answer 42

When a meander connects its bends causing the river to redirect leaving an abandoned horseshoe shaped body of water

Question 43

What is a floodplain

Answer 43

A large area of flat land that is prone to flooding

Question 44

What is a levee

Answer 44

Naturally raised river banks found on either side of a river channel made of gravel and stone

Question 45

What causes flooding

Answer 45

Precipitation (rainfall,snow,hail) Geology (impermeable rocks speed up water flow ) Steep slopes(transfer water quickly) Sudden snow melt Urbanisation ( impermeable surface) Deforestation (no interception) Agriculture

Question 46

Hydrograph

Answer 46

Make one later

Question 47

Hard engineering examples

Answer 47

Dams Channel straightening Raised embankments Flood relief channels

Question 48

Soft engineering examples

Answer 48

Planting trees Wetlands & flood storage area Floodplain zoning River restoration Flood warnings & preparation