Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography > River Environments > Flashcards

River Environments Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

What is the hydrological cycle

A

The constant global circulation of water in a closed system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Stores in the hydrological cycle

A
  • the atmosphere (water exists either as water vapour or clouds)
  • the land (where water is stored on the surface in rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Also stored in groundwater)
  • the sea (95 percent in the sea)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is evaporation in the hydrological cycle

A

Due to the heat of the sun water is converted into water vapour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is transpiration in the hydrological cycle

A

Plants take up water into the soil and ‘breathe’ it into the atmosphere as water vapour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is evapotranspiration

A

The loss of moisture from the ground by evaporation from the soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is condensation

A

When water vapour cools into rain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is precipitation

A

The transfer of water in any form from clouds to the land/sea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is overland flow

A

Precipitation that eventually enters a stream, river or lake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is infiltration and percolation

A

The transfer of water downwards through the soil into the aquifer/groundwater store

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is throughflow in a hydrological cycle

A

As a result of gravity, water moves slowly through the soil till it reaches a river

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is groundwater flow

A

Underground transfer of water to lakes, rivers and the sea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is surface runoff

A

The flow of water over the ground surface eg. Rivers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is interception

A

Precipitation that doesn’t reach the soil but is intercepted by plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is watershed

A

the area of high land forming the edge of a river basin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Factors affecting river discharge

A
  • rock and soil type
  • land use and vegetation cover
  • amount of rainfall
  • relief
  • weather conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are storm hydrographs

A

Graphs that show how a drainage basin responds to a period of rainfall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is basin lag time

A

Time difference between the peak of rainfall and the peak flow of the river

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are waterfalls

A

Upland river landform- a layer of hard rock overlays a layer of softer rock, as the river passes it is able to erode the soft rock at a faster pace. Hard rock overhang eventually collapses as there isn’t enough support and its weight isnt being supported

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is an interlocking spur

A

Valleys interlocking such that the river is forced to meander. They are formed where the river swings from side to side, and the river cuts vertically downwards into its bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are levees

A

Barriers composed of sediments made on either side of a river due to flooding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are meanders

A

Bends in a river

22
Q

What are floodplain

A

The flat land lying on either side of a river that periodically floods. They are very fertile

23
Q

What is an oxbow lake

A

a crescent-shaped lake that is formed when a meander of a river is cut off from the main channel

24
Q

What is a delta

A

A landform produced by the deposition of sediment of the mouth of a large river. They are vast areas of alluvium and form when the river deposits sediment faster that the sea can remove it

25
Q

What is an estuary

A

The wide mouth of the river where it meets the sea. Where the freshwater and seawater mixes, brackish water is formed

26
Q

Where is the source of the river tees

A

Cross Fell, Cumbria, England

890+ metres above sea level

27
Q

What does the upper course of the river tees look like

A
  • valleys with steel side forming a v-shape
  • hard impermeable rock
  • High Force waterfall at 21 metres
  • gorge of recession
  • hard rock called whinsill
  • potholes and rapids
28
Q

What does the middle course of the river Tees look like

A
  • gradient becomes less steep
  • erodes laterally rather than downwards
  • meanders are formed and the river becomes wider
29
Q

What does the lower course of the river tees look like

A
  • close to Yarn there are very large meanders

- flooding causes levees to form and there are many ox bow lakes

30
Q

The mouth of the river tees

A

North Sea near Middlesborough
It is an estuary which has many important sites for wildlife like seals
SSSIs

31
Q

How discharge changes to downstream

A

Increases

32
Q

How channel width and depth changes downstream

A

Increases

33
Q

How average velocity changes downstream

A

Increases

34
Q

How load quantity changes downstream

A

Increases

35
Q

How load particle sizes change downstream

A

Decrease

36
Q

How channel bed roughness changes downstream

A

Decreases

37
Q

How slope angle changes downstream

A

Decreases

38
Q

What is demand for water

A

The need for water for a range of uses- consumption

39
Q

What is supply of water

A

Meeting the demands for water by taking it from sources like groundwater, lakes and rivers

40
Q

Demand for water in Bangladesh

A
  • a lot of demand for agriculture as a lot of the economy relies on agriculture (88 percent)
  • less for domestic as there is a lower standard of living (10 percent)
41
Q

What are water deficit areas

A

Where water demand exceeds supply

42
Q

What are water surplus areas

A

Where supply or availability of water exceeds demand

43
Q

Organisation that are involved in the supply of water in the UK

A

DEFRA
The environment agency
EU

44
Q

What are resevoirs

A

An artificial lake built to store water

45
Q

Lake Vyrnwy

A

A reservoir in Powys, Wales
Built in the 1880s to supply Liverpool with freshwater
Flooded by alley and and entire village

46
Q

Thames basin supply

A

35 percent of the water of the Thames water supply comes from Thames basin aquifers
Largest river basin in the south east of England
2.6 million litres of drinking water to 9 million people in London
The chalk group- most important aquifer

47
Q

Desalination plant Thames Water

A

UKs first ever desalination plant
Opened in 2012
150 million litres of drinking water each day

48
Q

Pollution in water

A

Agricultural

  • eutrophication
  • liquid from farm slurry
  • fertilisers and pesticides

Industrial

  • thermal pollution
  • spillages eg. Oil refineries

Domestic

  • untreated sewage
  • washing clothes and bathing
49
Q

What is water used for in Bangladesh

A
  • increasing wealth and affluence

- growing crops such as boro rice

50
Q

Pollution of water in Bangladesh

A
  • arsenic that occurs naturally
  • pesticides
  • tanneries
  • poor sanitation + sewage
51
Q

Causes of flooding

A
  • impermeable surfaces (urbanisation)
  • prediction and prevention of flooding
  • urbanisation
  • rainfall intensity

Geography (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions