Risks to Data and Personal Information

Question 1

What is hacking?

Answer 1

Unauthorized access gained to a computer system.

Question 2

What are the effects of hacking?

Answer 2

Files copied/deleted/corrupted/edited, identity theft, exposure of a company.

Question 3

How can hacking be prevented?

Answer 3

Having a firewall, strong passwords, protection software and a professional hacker to try and hack you.

Question 4

What are viruses?

Answer 4

Programming codes which are installed and replicated on a computer system without the user’s permission.

Question 5

What are the effects of viruses?

Answer 5

Slower performance, files lost/corrupted/deleted and stopping of production.

Question 6

How can viruses be prevented?

Answer 6

Updated antivirus software, not using software or USB from unkown sources and being careful when clicking links/downloading attachments.

Question 7

What is spyware?

Answer 7

Software which monitors your use of the computer and which keys are pressed.

Question 8

What are the effects of spyware?

Answer 8

Passwords found out and additional harmful software installed.

Question 9

How can spyware be prevented?

Answer 9

Anti spyware software and pointing device.

Question 10

What is phishing?

Answer 10

A potential victim will receive an email which looks legitimate, but involves visiting a fake website and giving away personal information.

Question 11

What are the effects of phishing?

Answer 11

Personal details found out, fraud and identitfy theft.

Question 12

How can phishing be prevented?

Answer 12

Filter on your email account and double checking URLs and email addresses.

Question 13

What is pharming?

Answer 13

Malicious code installed onto a web server which redirects users to a fake website.

Question 14

What are the effects of pharming?

Answer 14

Personal details found out, fraud and identity theft.

Question 15

How can pharming be prevented?

Answer 15

Double checking the URL and using anti spyware software.

Question 16

What are smishing and vishing?

Answer 16

Users receive a fake SMS message saying they have won a prize (smishing), but are asked to call a premium phone number. Can use an audio to sound like a real person (vishing).

Question 17

What are the effects of smishing and vishing?

Answer 17

Personal details found out and loss of money.

Question 18

How can smishing and vishing be prevented?

Answer 18

Double checking SMS messages, checking the link of a website and contacting your bank if suspicious people are requesting details.

Question 19

What is spam email?

Answer 19

Emaill sent out from a mailing list and can be used to promote phishing scams or products.

Question 20

What are the effects of spam email?

Answer 20

Personal details found out and network may become slower or unresponsive.

Question 21

How can spam email be prevented?

Answer 21

Using a junk email filter, not signing up to mailing lists, not replying to spam emails and not giving away your email adress.

Question 22

What is credit card fraud?

Answer 22

When a user is tricked into giving away their personal and financial information.

Question 23

What are the effects of credit card fraud?

Answer 23

Unauthorised purchases can be made and money can be transferred out of the account.

Question 24

How can credit card fraud be prevented?

Answer 24

Strong password, ensuring secure connection, having updated anti spyware software and checking bank statement.

Question 25

What are biometrics?

Answer 25

Relies on unique human characteristics for identification.

Question 26

Are there any other ways of preventing risks to data and personal information?

Answer 26

Being aware of scams, reporting attempts of people trying to gain information and having a firewall.

Question 27

What is encryption?

Answer 27

Converts information into a form that is meaningless to anyone except holders of a ‘key’.

Question 28

What is Cloud?

Answer 28

An online storage medium used to backup files. Internet connection is required to access files.

Question 29

What are the risks of Cloud?

Answer 29

Data lost during routine backups, celebrity data hacked and concerns about the security of the building where servers are held.

Question 30

What are digital certificates?

Answer 30

Verify the identity of the sender and provides the receiver a chance to gove an encrypted response.

Question 31

What is Secure Socket Layer (SSL)?

Answer 31

A green padlock/S/company name in a URL shows that a website is secure.

Question 32

What is Captcha?

Answer 32

Tells humans and computers apart.

Question 33

What do full backups do?

Answer 33

Create a copy of all files.

Question 34

What do differential backups do?

Answer 34

Creates a copy of files that have been changed since the last full backup.

Question 35

What do incremental backups do?

Answer 35

Creates a copy of files that have been changed since the last full or incremental backup.

Question 36

What information is needed to make a payment?

Answer 36

Card number, expiry date, name on card and CSC/CVC code.

Question 37

What is near field communication (NFC)?

Answer 37

A payment method which doesn't require a pin.