Risk Scores

Question 1

Diabetes.

Answer 1

Diabetes risk score.

Age.
Gender.
Ethnicity.
FH of diabetes.
Waist circumference.
BMI.
Hypertension/high BP.

Question 2

Cardiovascular risk (Heart attack or stroke) over the next 10 years.

Answer 2

QRISK2.

Age.
Gender.
Ethnicity.
Smoking Status.
Diabetes.
Angina/heart attack in 1st degree relative.
CKD.
BP treatment.
Rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 3

Stroke risk in AF.

Answer 3

CHA2DS2VASc.

Congestive Heart Failure.
Hypertension.
Age 75 or older (double).
Diabetes Mellitus.
Stroke/TIA/Thromboembolism history (double).
Vascular disease.
Age 65-74.
Sex (female).

Question 4

10 year risk of a fracture with osteoporosis.

Answer 4

FRAX.

Age.
Sex.
Weight.
Height.
Previous fracture.
Parent had a hip fracture.
Smoking.
Alcohol.
Glucocorticoids.
BMD/T-score.
Rheumatoid arthritis.
Other conditions that can cause osteoporosis (e.g. early menopause).

Question 5

Risk of stroke after TIA.

Answer 5

ABCD2.

Age over 60.
Blood pressure high.
Clinical features of the TIA (speech disturbance +1, unilateral facial weakness +2).
Duration of symptoms (10-59 mins = +1, over 1 hour = +2).
Diabetes.

Question 6

Risk of DVT.

Answer 6

Wells score (DVT VERSION).

All +1:
Active cancer/within the last 6 months.
Paralysis of the lower limb.
Bedridden for 3 days or more, or major surgery.
Tenderness.
Entire leg swollen.
Calf swollen more than 3cm more than the normal leg.
Pitting oedema in symptomatic leg only.
Collateral superficial veins.
Previous DVT.

-2:
Alternative diagnosis is at least as likely as DVT.

If 2 points or more, DVT likely. (venous ultrasound + start anticoagulation - often apixiban).

If 1 or less, DVT unlikely. (D-dimer).