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risk scores Flashcards

1
Q

what risk score is used to assess probability of DVT

A

wells score

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2
Q

list the key things you need to ask about in a wells score history

A

CUTE BAPS

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3
Q

explain a DVT in patient friendly language

A

.

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4
Q

how would manage the different Wells score outcomes?

A

high - USS
moderate - USS
low - D-dimer

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5
Q

how would you manage a patient with a DVT

A
  • LMWH
  • anticoag
  • compression stockings
  • treat underlying cause
  • diet / exercise / smoking cessation
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6
Q

what is FRAX used to assess?

A

% risk of fracture in 10 years

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7
Q

what key things do you need to know to calculate FRAX?

A

GRAB PASSS

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8
Q

what medical conditions can result in secondary osteoporosis?

A
  • kidney failure
  • cushings
  • coeliac
  • ms
  • hyperparathyroidism
  • hyperthyroidism
  • diabetes
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9
Q

what is a T score?

A

comparison of a persons bone density to a healthy 30 year old

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10
Q

how would you manage a low FRAX score?

A
  • FRAX is <10%
  • reassess in 5 years
  • lifestyle –> quit smoking & limit alcohol
  • calcium and vit D rich diet
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11
Q

name some osteoporosis medications?

A
  • bisphosphonates (alendronate)

- denosumab (RANK-L)

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12
Q

what FRAX score is considered high risk?

A

> 20%

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13
Q

you need to assess the risk of a patient having a stoke or MI in the next 10 years - what risk score do you use?

A

QRISK-2

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14
Q

what do you need to ask about for a QRISK-2 assessment

A

(check notes)

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15
Q

what are the % QRISK 2 boundaries?

A 
<10% = low risk
10-20% = moderate risk
>20% = high risk
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16
Q

what advice would you give someone to reduced their risk (based on QRISK2)?

A

LIFESTYLE

  • stop smoking
  • diet change / weight loss
  • exercise
  • disease control + medication adherence
17
Q

you have be asked to calculate the stroke risk of a patient with AF - what risk score would you use?

A

CHA2DS2-VASc

18
Q

what do you need to ask about in a CHA2DS2-VASc assessment?

A

see notes

19
Q

what would a CHA2DS2-VASc score of > 2 mean?

A

patient is high risk

20
Q

how would you advise a low risk CHA2DS2-VASc patient?

A
  • consider anticoagulants

- lifestyle advice!!

21
Q

how would you manage a high risk CHA2DS2-VASc patient?

A

anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy

- lifestyle advice

22
Q

don’t need to know BUT what are potential modifiable risk factors for bleeding?

A

HAS BLED

23
Q

explain why you would use anticoagulants vs anti platelets

A
  • clotting in arterial system mainly platelet driven (activated by contact with damaged endothelium/atheroma) –> antiplatelets
  • clotting in venous system/AF due to blood stasis & is mostly clotting factor driven
24
Q

what key things does a patient need to know about starting warfarin?

A
  • needs INR checks
  • teratogenic
  • increased bleeding risk
  • diet control
  • can interfere with other medications
  • reversible with vitamin K
25
Q

what key things do you need to know about DOACs?

A
  • non reversible
  • increased bleeding risk
  • contraindicated in those with renal impairment and/0r history of a GI bleed
  • (expensive)
26
Q

what is ABCD2 used to calculate?

A

risk of stroke after TIA (scored out of 7)

27
Q

what things do you need to ask about in an ABCD2 assessment?

A

see notes

28
Q

outline the risk boundaries for ABCD2 scores and how you would manage them

A 
>6 = high risk --> specialist within 24 hours
4-6 = moderate risk 
<3 = low risk
29
Q

management for abcd2 risk assessment?

A
  • lifestyle advice

- antithrombotic treatment?

30
Q

what would you ask about when assessing someone’s diabetes risk?

A

see notes

31
Q

what are some key signs of diabetes?

A
  • polyuria
  • polydipsia
  • tiredness
  • thrush
  • blurred vision
  • thinner
32
Q

what advice would you give someone to help lower their diabetes risk?

A
  • diet advice
  • exercise 150mins/week
  • weight loss

osce prep (3 decks)

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