Risk Management Flashcards
Define Market Risk
The risk that a sluggish economy will affect the value of a debt instrument
Define Sector Risk
The risk that an event in the investment’s business sector will harm the investment
Define Credit/Default Risk
The risk that a debtor will be unable to make loan payments or pay back the principal
Define Interest Rate Risk
“The risk that a change in interest rates will adversely affect the value of the note
Example: Bond is for 10% but prevailing market rate is now 12%. If bondholder wants to sell it- they will have to sell it at a discount.”
What does Standard Deviation measure?
The volatility of an investment.
What is Systematic Risk?
Risk that impacts the entire market and can’t be avoided or reduced through diversification
What is Unsystematic Risk?
Relates to a particular industry or company
What does Beta measure?
Beta measures how volatile the investment is relative to the rest of the market.
What is Variance?
“It compares volatility of an investment to the market average.
Factors include both Systematic and Unsystematic Risk.”
What is a Derivative?
“An asset whose value is DERIVED from the value of another asset.
Derivatives are measured at Fair Value.”
How is an Option used?
“Gives the buyer the option to buy or sell a financial derivative at a certain price
Traders use them to speculate where they think the price will be at a certain point and make a profit
Hedgers use them to offset risk”
What is a Future?
A Forward Contract with a future value.
What is an Interest Rate Swap?
“Forward Contract to swap payment agreements
They are highly liquid and often valued using the Zero-Coupon method.
Example: Steve pays Sally a fixed payment with a fixed interest rate. Sally pays Steve a variable payment tied to a benchmark such as LIBOR”
What is Legal Risk?
Risk that a law or regulation will void the derivative
What is a Fair Value Hedge?
“Hedge that protects against the value of an asset or liability changing.
Changes in value are reported in earnings.”
