Risk Management Flashcards
Define
Risk Management
Process of identifying, evaluating, prioritizing, and choosing among policy options (IEPC)
* Identifying options, decisions, and actions based on scientific findings
* Also incorporating non-science factors
What are some examples of non-scientific factors that may be incorporated in risk management?
No pressure tho
- economic costs & benefits
- legal reqs & restrictions
- administrative implementability
- stakeholder concerns
- political factors
Explain
First risk-reduction step removes 90% of the risk
First strategy is always the most important
* Your opportunity to reduce the most risk
* Law of Diminishing Returns
* Ex. quarantine
What comes into play with your first reduction step?
| 3
- Stakeholders - g ba sila
- Resources available - meron ba
- Political will - will policy follow you? (know your congress)
List
Factors for Risk Management
5
- Acceptable level of risk
- Existing legislation
- Economic cost and benefits
- Administrative considerations
- Stakeholder perceptions
AESEA
Define & Explain
Acceptable level of risk
Factors for Risk Management
- Level of risk a society is willing to accept
- Also look at given the cost of strategy, how will it impact the risk
Define & Explain
Existing legislation
Factors for Risk Management
whether proposed policy fits in current legal framework or if a new one is required
LGUs can be accepting or not, depends
Define & Explain
Economic cost and benefits
Factors for Risk Management
Evaluating policy options on feasibility
Define & Explain
Administrative considerations
Factors for Risk Management
Certain policies are more complicated to implement
Define & Explain
Stakeholder perceptions
Factors for Risk Management
- If pop challenges/discards policy ure fucked
- Rapport with community is important
- Why you need to go through LGU first when on fieldwork
List
Risk Management Approaches
5
- Stakeholder Engagement
- Risk-Based Management
- Intuitive Approaches
- Precautionary Principle
- Risk Perception
SIRRP
Explain
Stakeholder Engagement
Risk Management Approach
- proactive engagement
- to formulate q’s and build a basis for acceptable remedies
- can lead to identification of practical approaches that can be rejected by distant experts
How does Stakeholder Engagment lead to identification of practical approaches?
- account for overall context
- account for possible behavior modifications
- to identify exposure na ok lang sa community
How is a Stakeholder Engagement effective/ineffective?
[-] Takes longer because you have to consult (FGDs, identifying point persons & decision makers)
[+] you know the community is okay with, so they will probs comply
- Sometimes, no matter what science says, if the community thinks it’s not significant, they won’t apply the strategy you made
- Need to inform stakeholders why it may be a risk
What is Risk-Based Management?
Basing policies on known levels of risk
List
Known levels of risk for Risk-Based Management
3
De minimis levels
Bright lines
Comparable risks
Define
De minimis levels
Risk levels deemed insignificant that can be ignored
* for prioritizing risks, need to filter shit out
* Ex. blue light: risk of cancer from blue light (pretty insignificant), but sleep with blue light is not de minimis
* Ex. background levels of radiation – we have more Pb in our bodies than our ancestors
Define
Bright lines
Make a clear & objective standard that you should not surpass & should follow
* Ex. food and water contaminants
* check if we are within standards
Define
Comparable risks
For comparing substances used for similar purposes
* make decisions based on thier use & exposure
* Ex. pesticides & pharmaceuticals have more or less the same use
Why do we use Intuitive Approaches?
sounds kinda sus to me arent u a scientist
Some alternatives do not require estimations of risk levels and uncertainty bounds
ALARA is more about feasibility, best blabla is more about what tech says
List
Intuitive Approaches
2
- ALARA
- Best Available Technology
Define
ALARA
“As Low As Reasonably Achievable”
* Using judgements about feasibility & cost
aka tipid moment
Define
Best Available Technology
Using current technology to determine risk with future follow-up on additional reductions in emissions if wanted for public health
* Ex. Water Quality Standards set in 1994 and 1995, updated in 2016 (ideally lang tho lmao)
Explain
Precautionary Principle
“Do no harm.” - Hippocrates
* Strategy to manage risk shouldnt harm any population that will be affected by your strategy… ideally (lol)
* If not, you have to weigh costs & benefits
When following the Precautionary Principle, why do we need to do risk - risk trade-offs?
Interventions introduce new risks while reducing others
Ex. substitution
* We know very little about substituted substance, tas it causes a different issue
* Sometimes its better to tough it out with current method until we know more about substitution
* manager should discern
Explain
Risk Perception
Risk Management Approach
People have predictable reactions to different kinds of risk
* invisible/undetected exposures = ↑ fear
* Dreaded consequences are magnified
* Unfamiliar or new risks > familiar but HIGHER risks (downplayed)
How can
* public perceptions of risk and
* acceptability of strategies
change?
Reinforcing & media; being persistent with actions and incentives; → big changes and behavior
* Ex. seatbelts & drunk driving
Human psychology & human anthropology
* Need to understand how popu thinks
* Ex. other people to influence their perception (Knowing someone who commutes)
* also from consequences of actions
Explain Ozone Production
UV breaks oxygen molecule
free oxygen atom + oxygen molecule = ozone hooray
Explain
Ozone Depletion
chloroflourocarbons (CFCs) destroys ozone thorugh UV, stays for 55-140 yrs
- CFC + UV breaks off 1 Cl atom
- Cl separates O3 → we have ClO + O2
- free oxygen atom hits ClO → Cl and O2
- may free Cl na naman, so it just keeps breaking down O3 into O2
