Risk Factors - Peer groups

Question 1

What are peer groups in relation to addiction?

Answer 1

Hinde (1985) suggests peer networks replace parents in becoming the primary source of reinforcement from about the ages of 12-14. This impressionable age is when many adolescents experiment with some addictive behaviours

Question 2

Research in SLT (Peer groups)

Answer 2

States that you learn through observation of others and those they have most contact with. Peer encouragement and approval can also serve as a big reinforcement

Question 3

Social Identity Theory (Peer Groups)

Answer 3

Tajfel (1970) States that much of our social identity is gained through being members of ingroups, where we adopt the norms and behaviours central to the group. E.g. Taking on smoking when those in the group smoke

Question 4

Peer pressure through conformity?

Answer 4

Peers may conform to addictive behaviours. Through NSI, peers find it difficult to go against their peer groups and therefore may conform to behaviour

Question 5

Peer networks

Answer 5

May impact at all stages of addiction. They can be crucial in encouraging relapse

Question 6

Sussman and Ames’ (2001)

Answer 6

Peer use of drugs was one of the best predictors of future drug use. Peers helped create normative perceptions that such behaviours are socially acceptable