Risk Factors in Periodontal Disease - Overview Flashcards
PERIO
Define a risk factor.
Characteristic of a person or their environment which, when present, directly result in an increased likelihood of that person getting the disease, and when absent directly result in a decreased likelihood.
How would you catergorise risk factors?
True and putative
Modifiable and non modifiable Systemic and local *
Give 5 systemic risk factors of periodontal disease.
- Smoking
- Uncontrolled diabetes
- Genetics
- Nutrition
- Stress
Give 1 examples of local risk factors to periodontal disease.
- Overhanging restorations
- Supra and subgingival calculus depositss
what is Preventive care?
refers to measures taken to prevent diseases instead of curing or treating the symptoms.
What are the 3 types of preventive care?
- Primary prevention
Aims to prevent a disease or injury before it occurs.
- Secondary prevention
Aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occured.
- Tertiary prevention
Aims to reduce the negative impact of an already established disease by restoring function and reducing disease- related complications, as well as improve the quality life.
give examples of preventative care?
- primary prevention - Administering fluoride toothpaste
- secondary prevention - Detecting early gingivitis.
- tertiary prevention - Replacing missing teeth with an implant or bridge.
How do risk factors affect your role as a GDP?
Forms a part of periodontal disease diagnosis and disease classification
Provide your patient with up to date information, on how a risk factor is affecting their disease/risk of disease and provide the necessary support to making changes. *
Communication with colleagues * Dental specialists, GMP, diabetic nurses
By how much does smoking increase the risk of periodontal disease?
4x
Smokers have a reduced and less predictable response to non surgical and surgical periodontlal treatment.
what is the patient care for smokers?
Advise your patient on the increased risk of periodontal disease, dose-dependent nature and reduced treatment outcomes
Smoking cessation advice includes the ‘5 As’:
- Ask
- advise
- assess
- assist
- arrange.
Refer to your local NHS Stop Smoking Service
- What is used to measure glycaemic control in diabetic patients and diabetes?
- HbA1C levels
- Units = mmom/mol.
What level of Hb1AC shows good glyceamic controlled diabetes and poor glycaemic controlled diabetes?
- Good glycaemic control = <7.0% (53mmol/mol)
- Poor glycaemic control. = 8-9% (64-75 mmol/mol).
What is diabetes effect on periodontal disease and how?
- Diabetes, particularly poorly controlled diabetes, increases the risk of periodontal disease
-Diabetes reduced healing and treatment outcomes
-A bidirectional relationship exists between diabetes and periodontal disease
How do you manage your patients with diabetes ?
Communicate the effect of (poorly controlled) diabetes to your patient
Communicate with GMP and diabetic team as required
Offer support and advice
What is an indicator for a dentist that a patient may have undiagnosed diabetes?
The patient has a rapid rate of periodontal disease.
What percentage of patients at risk of periodontitis can be explained with genetics?
30%
- What is Vitamin C’s relationship with periodontal disease?
Vitamin C is inversly related to the presence of periodontal disease.
- What element of stress can be associated with increased periodontal disease?
The ‘coping’ of stress.
An individuals ability fo cope with stresss and ‘poor coping of stress’ has been associated with increased periodontal disease.
- Why is plaque alone not considered a precursor for periodontitis?
- No studies been shown.
- Plaque is a precursor to gingivitis which is a precursor to periodontitis.
- This makes plaque seem like it has some factor in the eventual occurence of periodontitis.
Give 3 examples of local risk factor for plaque retention.
- Calculus.
- Overhangs
- Large gaps between teeth.
why risk factors important
Make sure your patient histories identify potential RISK FACTORS *
Communicate the effect of the risk factor to the patient and support them to make modifications where possible
The patient may not even know their risk factor is related to periodontitis * Communicate with colleagues as required
