Risk factors and public health

Question 1

What is the most common cause of premature death?

Answer 1

Coronary Heart Disease

Question 2

What are the modifiable risk factors of CV disease?

Answer 2

Smoking, dyslipidaemia (Raised LDL, low HDL, raised triglycerides), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dietary factors, thrombogenic factors, lack of exercise, excess alcohol consumption

Question 3

What are the non-modifiable risk factors of CV disease?

Answer 3

Personal history of CHD, Family history of CHD, Age, Gender

Question 4

What are the BIG 4 CV risk factors?

Answer 4

High BP, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking, diabetes/obesity

Question 5

What are the LITTLE 4 CV risk factors?

Answer 5

Physical inactivity, alcohol, stress/type A - CPBP, biological factors (gender and genes)

Question 6

What is primary prevention?

Answer 6

Preventing the disease before it’s happened (using risk as an assessment)

Question 7

What is secondary prevention?

Answer 7

Preventing an asymptomatic disease from progressing to symptomatic disease