risk factors Flashcards
alzhimers disease risk fators
APP GENE TRISOMY 21 EARLY ONSET DEMENTIA
PSEN1 EARLY ONSENT AD
PSEN2
APO E GENE USUALLY causes late onset dementia
other risk facctors of alzhimers disease inreasing age family history of alzhimers/ dementia low socioeconomic status downs, DM, dyslepidemia hypertension, peripheral vascular disease traumati brain injuries environmental factors including seound hand smoke
ampullary canccer
obstructive cancer and heme positive stool
the only lesion with obstructive jaundice and bleeding in lumen of
intestine is ampillary cancer
beningn essential tremors
risk factors family history
autosomal dominant pattern
head tremor
improves with alcohol consumption
birth trauma
macrosomnia premature infants abnormal fetal pesentation sholder dystocia forcep or vacuum assited delivery prilonged or rapid labor
brest cancer
brest cancer increased estrogen state
early menarche, late menopouse
nulliparity
first full term pregnancy after 35
harmone replacement therapy after menopouse
braca
obesity
positive history of celular atypia
lifraumeni syndrome(brest, leukemia,soft tissue tumors, adrenal gland tumors) mutationin p53
peutz jeghers( hamartomatus polyps through out git, associated tumors of brest, ovaries, pancreas
brest self examinationt
there is poor evidence to support the hypothesis that brest self examination decreases the mortality, infact it may give false positive and need for unnecessary biopy. so brest self examination should not be recommended at any age
cervical canceri
increase risk with hpv 16,18 e6 inhibition of p53-> inhibition of apoptic pathway and inhibition of p21 e7 inhibition of rb protein inhibits p21 and 27 cdk inhibitors. risk|: early onset of sexual activity]multiple sexual partners high parity immunosupperation cigerrete smoking inutero des
cervical cancer screening in immunocompromised,sle,organ transplant and pt on immmunosuppresants
do pap on onset of sexual activity
every 6 months times 2 if negative annually
ccomplications of post term
oligohydromnios macrosomia convulsions still birth meuconium aspiration
Contraindications to OCP
mirgeane with aura previous dvt/ stroke, mi smoker who smokes>15 ciggs age is >35 brest ca, hepatic camcer b.p>160/100
ectopic pregnacy
hx of PID previous ectopic past surgeries involving the fallopian tybes endometriosis NON ANATOMICAL RISK history of infertility
emergency contraception
urliprital is the most effective can be given up to 5 days next is levenogestril then ocp
endometrial cancer
estrogen dependent risk factors nulliparity\early menarch late menopouse PCOS hx of brest cancer, tamoxifen use obesity HNPCC
protective factors
multiparity
combine OCP
evisceration vs dehiscence
in evisceration the organ starts produding exposed to air increased risk of infection its a surgecal emergency but before do wet sterile dressing
in dehiscence the skin is intact but fasccia frails you see serosangious drainage acutely and hernia chronically skin is intcat and there is sterile barrier
management abdominal binders and return to or electivley
hypertensive pregnancy disorder
general: thrombophillia african american age<20 and >40 DM,GDM.chronic htn SLE, CRD
PREGNANCY RELATED RIDK nulliparity previous pre eclamsia multiple gestation hydatiform moles
leiomyoma
nulliparity early menarch obesity increase incidence in afro influenced by harmones eg estrogen, growth ahrmone, progrgestrone
lesibians higher risk of which infection
bacterial vagionosis
lobular ductal carcinoma insutu
if dx on needle then do exictional biopsy. no need of sentinel lymph node biopsy because lcis is a no invasive carcinoma
