risk factors Flashcards
What is a genetic vulnerability to addiction?
Genetic factors that increase the likelihood of developing addiction
Includes mechanisms such as the number of dopamine receptors and metabolizing enzymes like CYP2A6.
How do dopamine receptors relate to addiction?
The number of D2 receptors affects dopamine transmission, with fewer receptors linked to higher addiction risk.
People with addiction often have an abnormally low number of D2 receptors.
What role does the CYP2A6 enzyme play in addiction?
It metabolizes nicotine; individuals lacking a fully functioning enzyme smoke less.
This enzyme’s expression is genetically determined.
What are adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and their impact on addiction?
ACEs are early severe stress experiences that create vulnerability to future addiction.
They can trigger self-medication behaviors in later life.
Is there a universally defined addictive personality?
No, but addiction is linked to disordered personality traits.
Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) is often associated with substance abuse.
How does Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) contribute to addiction?
APD involves norm-breaking and impulsivity, increasing the likelihood of early drug use.
Drug-taking can satisfy desires and offer criminal activity.
What influence do family dynamics have on alcohol addiction?
Parental allowance of drinking at home increases the likelihood of excessive drinking in children.
Adolescents’ perceptions of parental monitoring are crucial.
What are the three major elements of peer influence on alcohol addiction?
- Attitudes and norms about drinking influenced by peers
- Experienced peers provide opportunities to drink
- Overestimation of peer drinking leads to increased consumption
Group norms favoring rule-breaking contribute to substance abuse.
True or False: Peer attitudes must specifically concern substances to influence substance abuse.
False.
What matters is the creation of a group norm that favors rule-breaking.
