Risk Factors Flashcards
Name 3 local acquired risk factors for periodontal disease
plaque, calculus, poor restorations, poor crown margins, orthodontic appliances
Name 3 local anatomical risk factors for periodontitis
malpositioned teeth, root grooves, concavities, enamel pearls
name 3 non modifiable systemic risk factors for periodontitis
ageing, genetics, gender (males>females), genetic disorders e.g downs syndrome
name 3 modifiable systemic risk factors for periodontal disease
smoking, poorly controlled diabetes, stress, medications, poor nutrition
what effect might occlusal trauma have on bone loss and mobility
occlusal trauma may cause bone loss and increased mobility but does not cause perio!
pocket formation won’t be present if no perio disease
However if perio is present, occlusal trauma may increase rate of progression
Why is smoking a risk factor for periodontal disease
smoking results in increased activation of the immune system due to the hundreds of different chemicals within smoke
There is decreased blood flow and therefore decreased healing capacity
The oral microbiota is also changed to bacteria much more pathological to the host
why is sub optimally controlled diabetes a risk factor for periodontitis
hyperglycaemia may modulate RANKL:OPG ratio towards favouring bone destruction
It also sees increased production of AGE (advanced glycation end products) which leads to exacerbation of immune system
what test can be used to check degree of diabetic control
glycated haemoglobin test
what type of gingivitis can severe vitamin C deficiency lead to
scorbutic gingivitis
characterised by gingival ulceration and rapid perio pocket formation
What 3 types of drugs can cause gingival hyperplasia or swelling
anti convulsants, immunosuppresants and calcium channel blockers
why can chronic stress be a risk factor for periodontal disease
stress sees and increase in production and secretion of cortisol which stimulates the immune system
why is periodontitis thought to be a risk factor for other systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and alzheimers
due to the prolonged activation of the immune system
body sees chronically elevated inflammatory markers
