Risk/Etiology for Disease

Question 1

Risk Factors for CVA

Answer 1

HTN**, Atherosclerosis, Heart disease, DM, Migraines
BCPs, Cigarettes, Age
INC fibrinogen, INC Alpha lipoprotein A

ABCD2: predicts early CVA risk in 1st 2 days after TIA:
Age >60 y/o = 1
BP after TIA >140 systolic or >90 diastolic = 1
Clinical: UL weakneass = 2
Isolated speech disturbance = 1
Duration of TIA Sx: >60 min = 2, 10-59 min = 1
DM = 1

0-3 Low risk
4-5 Moderate risk
6-7 High Risk
(gives % for 2, 7, 90 day stroke risk based on category)

Question 2

Modifiable RF for CVD?

Answer 2

Diet, alcohol, physical inactivity, smoking, obesity, high cholesterol, DM, metabolic syndrome, stress, BCP, gout, chronic inflammation

Question 3

What does FLASHED stand for?

Answer 3

FHx, Lipids, Age, Smoking, HTN, Exercise, DM

Question 4

Dietary RF for CVD?

Answer 4

Excess overheated/oxidized veggie oils
High sat animal fat & dietary cholesterol
High trans fatty acids into cell membranes
Excess salt, Excess refined CHO, High overall fat
Inadequate fruits/veggies (fresh)
Vitamin/Mineral def, excess/def. Vit. D
Xanthine oxidase,

Question 5

What is one other non-modifiable RF for CVD in women?

Answer 5

Menopause

Question 6

What are some drugs that INC risk for CVD?

Answer 6

Alcohol, Caffeine, Cocaine

Thyroid meds, Sympathomimetic agents, Sumatriptan

Question 7

What is the prevalence of CVD?

Answer 7

1 in 3 persons in the US (83.6 million)

Question 8

What % of people with CVD have no RF?

Answer 8

40%

Question 9

What are some drug classes that can cause cardiac syncope?

Answer 9

Digoxin
Beta-Blockers
CCBs
or any drug toxicity

Question 10

What are some drug classes that cause orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 10

Hypovolemia: Diuretics, Vasodilators (Nitrates, CCBs)

Autonomic Reflex Impairment: Anti-HTN (Clonidine, Reserpine, Methyldopa) & psych drugs