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Phase 2B > Risk Assessment Station > Flashcards

Risk Assessment Station Flashcards

1
Q

DIABETES RISK
4 personal information questions?

A

Age >50
Gender - male
Ethnicity - non-white
Relative with diabetes

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2
Q

DIABETES RISK
Risk reduction advice

A

Regular meals
decrease portion size
decrease fat/sugar/salt
moderate alcohol
exercise 150 mins a week
weight loss

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3
Q

DIABETES RISK
5 symptoms of diabetes

A

5Ts
Toilet
Thirsty
Tiredness
Tingling
Thinner - unintentional weight loss

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4
Q

What does QRisk measure?

A

risk of developing CVD in next 10 years in those aged 35-74

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5
Q

QRISK
5 bits of personal information

A

Age
Sex
Ethnicity
BMI - Height and weight
POST CODE

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6
Q

QRISK
PMHx - 4 specific conditions to check for

A

CKD stage 4/5
AF
RhA
Diabetes

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7
Q

QRISK
DHx

A

Antihypertensives

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8
Q

QRISK
Family history

A

MI or Angina in 1st degree ralative under 60

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9
Q

QRISK
2 direct measurements needed

A

Cholesterol/HDl ratio
Systolic BP

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10
Q

QRISK
what counts as low risk?

A

<10%

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11
Q

QRISK
What counts as high risk?

A

> 20%

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12
Q

QRISK
Advice for lowering risk?

A

Stop smoking
exercise
diet change/ weight loss
disease control/medication adherence
Statins

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13
Q

what is CHA2DS2-VASC for?

A

stroke risk with AF

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14
Q

CHA2DS2-VASC
what does it stand for?

A

Congestive heart failure
HTN
Age >75 - +2 points
Age >65 - +1 point
Diabetes
Stroke/TIA - +2 points
Vascular disease
Sex Category

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15
Q

what CHA2DS2-VASC score warrants anticoagulation?

A

> 1 maybe and >2 definitely

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16
Q

CHA2DS2-VASC
life advice

A

Avoid alcohol
stop smoking
healthy diet
exercise

17
Q

warfarin advice

A

get INR checked
Teratogenic
Can interfere with other medications
increased bleeding risk
diet control
can be reversed w/ vitamin K

18
Q

DOAC advice

A

non-reversible
increased bleeding risk
expensive
caution in renal impairment/GI bleed Hx

19
Q

What is the FRAX SCORE?

A

10 year probability of spine/hip/shoulder/wrist fracture in 40-90 y/o

20
Q

FRAX SCORE
Personal info

A

age
sex
weight
height

21
Q

FRAX SCORE
PMHx

A

Dexa Scan + BMD
previous fracture
secondary osteoporosis
RhA

22
Q

What conditions can cause secondary osteoporosis?

A

Kidney failure
hyperthyroid
coeliac
T1DM
chronic liver disease
premature menopause

23
Q

FRAX SCORE
Drug Hx

A

Steroids
lithium

24
Q

FRAX SCORE
FHx

A

parental fractured hip

25
Q

FRAX SCORE
SHx

A

smoking
alcohol intake - >3 units/day

26
Q

FRAX SCORE
low risk advice

A

more exercise
quit smoking
limit alcohol
calcium + vitamin D rich diet
grab bars in home
good grip shoes

27
Q

FRAX SCORE
high risk advice

A

low risk + DEXA scan
if T-score <-2.5 = Tx w/ bisphosphonates

28
Q

what is ABCD2 for?

A

risk of stroke after TIA

29
Q

what does ABCD2 stand for?

A

Age >60
BP >140/90
Clinical features - unilateral weakness +2, speech no weak +1
Duration - 10-60 mins - +1, >60 mins +2
Diabetes

30
Q

ABCD2
advice

A

diet
exercise
stop smoking
antithrombotics - Aspirin, clopidogrel
control HTN
Statin if high cholesterol

31
Q

WELLS SCORE
HxPC questions (+1)

A

recent leg immobilisation or paralysis
tenderness in deep venous system
swollen whole leg
calf swelling >3cm compared to other leg
unilateral pitting oedema
collateral superficial veins present

32
Q

WELLS SCORE
PMHx questions

A

major surgery past 12 weeks
active cancer
previous DVT

33
Q

WELLS SCORE
SHx Questions

A

long haul flight
OCT/HRT
smoking
prothrombotic state

34
Q

WELLS SCORE
DVT treatment

A

LMWH
oral warfarin
compression stockings
seek/treat underlying cause
diet, exercise, stop smoking

35
Q

what counts as a high risk frax score?

A

> 50%

36
Q

what counts as a high risk wells score?

A

> 3

Phase 2B (3 decks)

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