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ANCC AGACNP Risk Assessment > Risk Assessment > Flashcards

Risk Assessment Flashcards

To review for boards

1
Q

What is PRIMARY prevention (P’s)

A

“PROMOTE” health PRIOR to onset of any recognizable PROBLEMS

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2
Q

Example of PRIMARY prevention (3)

A
  1. Education about healthy and safe habits (wear seatbelt, avoid smoking, healthy diet)
  2. Immunization
  3. Legislation to ban/control hazardous products
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3
Q

What is SECONDARY prevention (SS)

A

“Screening” - aims to reduce the impact of a disease that has already occurred

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4
Q

Examples of SECONDARY prevention

A

Exams to detect disease early (PAP, PSA, Lipids)

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5
Q

What is TERTIARY prevention

A

“REHAB” - aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects

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6
Q

Examples of TERTIARY prevention (3)

A
  1. Cardiac/Stroke REHAB
  2. Support groups
  3. Vocacional rehab
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7
Q

When does a complete physical exam need to start for ADOLESCENTS (11-19)

A

between 11-14

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8
Q

How often does a complete physical exam need to happen for ADOLESCENTS (11-19)

A

3 times between:
11-14
15-17
18-21

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9
Q

HPV vaccines for females:

What are the 3:

A

Gardasil
Gardasil 9
Cervarix

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10
Q

HPV vaccines for females:

At what age

A

Gardasil - 11-26
Gardasil 9 - 9-26
Cervarix 10-25

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11
Q

When should a syphilis screening be done?

A

Start when sexually active

Then as needed or with PAP

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12
Q

When should males start testicular self exams? How often?

A

At adolescence - MONTHLY

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13
Q

When should screening for HIV?

A

Depends on level of sexual activity or IV drug use.

Assess knowledge of prevention.

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14
Q

When to start Tetanus-diptheria (Td)

A

As early as 7 years old

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15
Q

How often to do Tdap

A

Every 10 years

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16
Q

When does Meningococcal vaccines start

A

11-18 years old

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17
Q

Does Meningococcal need revaccinated?

A

Controversial:

only x 1 if HIGH risk after 5 years from last

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18
Q

When should the influenza vaccine be given

A

annually

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19
Q

Who needs the pneumococcal vaccine (4 populations)

A

> 65
19-64 IF smoker, asthma, COPD, diabetes, alcoholism
Immunosuppressed
Living in nursing home

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20
Q

When PPD screening should start? (ADOLESCENTS)

A

Once during adolescence

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21
Q

How often should PPD screening occur in ADOLESCENTS? (2)

A

Every 2 years if at risk.

With any exposure to TB.

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22
Q

How often should YOUNG ADULTS (20-39) and MIDDLE AGED ADULTS (40-59) have a complete physical exam?

A

Starting at 20 - every 5-6 years.

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23
Q

YOUNG ADULT - female: When should PAP smears start?

A

21

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24
Q

YOUNG ADULTS - female: When does clinical breast exam start?

A

Adolescence/NOW

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25
Q

YOUNG ADULTS (20-39) - female: How often for clinical breast exam?

A

Every 3 years

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26
Q

YOUNG ADULTS - female:

When should self-breast exams start?

A

21

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27
Q

YOUNG ADULTS and MIDDLE-AGED female: (up to 65)

What is tested with PAP smear (3) and how often?

A

Chlamydia and GC at 21
Cytology - every 3 years
HPV >30- every 5 years

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28
Q

How often should YOUNG ADULTS and MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS (40-59) blood pressure be monitored? (2)

A

With every visit OR

Every 2 years.

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29
Q

How often should YOUNG ADULTS and MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS - full fasting panel be checked?

A

Every 5 years

More often if > 200

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30
Q

When should ALL adults do a self skin exam?

A

NOW - and continue regularly.

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31
Q

How often should PPD screening occur in YOUNG ADULTS? (2)

A

Annual for high risk populations (Controversial)

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32
Q

How often should all ages have dental cleaning and checkup

A

Every 6 months to a year

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33
Q

Does the ACOG (american college of obstetrics and gyn) recommend a self-breast exam?

A

not >40

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34
Q

How often does the MIDDLE-AGED (40-59) women need clinical breast exam

A

Annually

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35
Q

How often does the MIDDLE-AGED (40-59) women need mammography per
ACS - American Cancer Society
USPSTF - US preventative Services Task force
ACOG - American College of obstetrics and gyn

A

ACS
45-54 annually
>55 - every 2 years

USPSTF
50-74 - every 2 years

ACOG
50-74 - annually

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36
Q

When should MIDDLE-AGED ADULT MALES (40-59) begin Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)?

A

at 40

37
Q

When should MIDDLE-AGED ADULT MALES (40-59) begin Prostate Surface Antigen (PSA) screening?

A

at 40 IF family history or AA

otherwise - 50

38
Q

How often are Digital Rectal Exams recommended?

A

Annually at 40 years old

39
Q

How often are Prostate surface antigen screenings recommended?

A

Annually at 40 IF family history or AA

Annually at 50 for all others

40
Q

When should an ECG be checked?

A

As indicated

At 40 with cardiac risk factors

41
Q

Colorectal Cancer screening
When?
3 tests?

A

Starts at 50

Annual fecal occult blood test
Flex sig every 5 years
Colonoscopy every 10 years

42
Q

What is the second leading cause of cancer deaths?

A

Colorectal cancer

43
Q

When does glaucoma screening start? (with tonography)

A

at 40

44
Q

How often for glaucoma screening?

A

annually

45
Q

How often should ELDERLY ADULTS (>60) have complete physical assessment?

A

Every 2 years

46
Q

When should PAP Smears be discontinued? under what conditions? (2)

A

> 65-70 with 3 consecutive normal cytology tests
AND
no abnormal test in 10 years

47
Q

What is the ACS’s recommendation for discontinuation of mammography?

A

Continue as long as the women is in good health and expected to live 10+ years

48
Q

How often should full fasting panel be checked in ELDERLY?

A

Every 2-5 years

More often in > 200

49
Q

How often should ECG be check in ELDERLY ADULTS (>60) ?

A

Every 2 years with cardiac risk factors

50
Q

Major causes of mortality with ADOLESCENTS (12-19)

6

A
  1. MVC
  2. Suicide
  3. Other accidents
  4. Homicide
  5. Malignancy
  6. Cardiovascular disease
51
Q

Major causes of mortality with YOUNG ADULTS (20-39)

6

A
  1. MVC
  2. Homicide
  3. Suicide
  4. Injuries
  5. Heart disease
  6. AIDS
52
Q

Major causes of mortality with MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS (40-59)

6

A
  1. Heart disease
  2. Accidents
  3. Lung CA
  4. CVA
  5. Breast and colorectal CA
  6. COPD
53
Q

Major causes of mortality with ELDERLY ADULTS (>60)

5

A
  1. Heart disease
  2. CVA
  3. COPD
  4. Pneumonia and/or influenza
  5. Lung and colorectal cancer
54
Q

What is the top 5 “killers” of adults in the US.

A
  1. Heart disease - CAD, HF
  2. Colorectal cancer
  3. Lower Respiratory Disease
  4. CVA
    5.
55
Q

What CANCER in WOMEN is responsible for the highest mortality?

A

Lung

56
Q

What is the leading GYN-associated cancer “killer”?

A

Ovarian

57
Q

Highest cancer incidence in WOMEN other than skin cancer?

A

Breast

58
Q

What CANCER in MEN is responsible for the highest mortality?

A

Lung

59
Q

Other than skin cancer, the 2nd most common CANCER in MEN and #2 cancer “killer”

A

Prostate

60
Q

Leading CANCER “killer”?

A

Lung Cancer

61
Q

2nd leading CANCER “killer”?

A

Colorectal Cancer

62
Q

Healthy Nutrition.

How much of your plate should be fruits and veggies?

A

HALF

63
Q

Healthy Nutrition.

Best type of milk?

A

Skim or 1%

64
Q

Healthy Nutrition.

How much of grains should be whole grain?

A

at least HALF

65
Q

Health Nutrition.

Should you vary your protein choices?

A

Yes

66
Q

Dietary Recommendations.

% of Carbs

A

55-60%

67
Q

Dietary Recommendations.

% of Fats

A

< 30%

68
Q

Dietary Recommendations.

Protein

A

0.8-1 g/kg

69
Q

Dietary Recommendations.

Protein

A

0.8-1 g/kg/day

70
Q

Leading killer of women in US

A

Heart disease

71
Q

What is the shingles (Herpes zoster) prevention

A

Zostivax

72
Q

When is shingles (herpes zoster) prevention should start?

A

at 50

73
Q

What happens to nutrition and protein needs with illness or trauma?

A

INCREASE

74
Q

Exercise has positive effects?

A
  1. Decreases LDL
  2. Increase BMR
  3. Reduces STRESS
  4. Improves CV fitness
  5. Decreases signs of aging
75
Q

Sensitivity

A

TRUE POSITIVE

The degree to which those who have a disease - screen positive

positive showing positive

76
Q

Specificity

A

TRUE NEGATIVE

The degree to which those who do not have a disease screen - test negative

negatives showing negative

77
Q

Incidence

A

The FREQUENCY with which a disease

The RATE in which NEW cases occur during a specific time period

EX: 20 cases of botulism per 500,000 people were reported in ALASKA during 2010

78
Q

Prevalance

A

The PROPORTION of a population that is affected by a disease or disorder at a particular time

EX: the prevalence of lupus in women living in Illinois during 2019 was < 1%

79
Q

Leading killer of AA in US < 40

A

AIDS

80
Q

Leading killer of AA MEN in US < 35

A

Homicide

81
Q

American Heart Association recommends that exercise should be performed for HOW long and HOW often?

A

30 minutes or more on most days of the week

82
Q

Starting an exercise program over 35. What should be done prior to starting? (3)

A
  1. Complete history
  2. Physical Exam
  3. Exercise stress test
83
Q

What is an antigen?

A

Induces a specific immune response

84
Q

What is an antibody?

A

Molecules synthesized reaction to an antigen

85
Q

What is active immunity

A

Conferred by antibody formation stimulated with a specific antigen

Tetanus toxoid

86
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

Conferred by the introduction of antibody proteins

gamma globulin injections
-HBIg - given for known exposure

maternal immunity

87
Q

Who should receive Hep A vaccine? (3)

A

Military personnel

Travelers to endemic areas

Men who have sex with men

88
Q

Who should receive Hep B vaccine? (3)

A

Health care workers

High risk patients

Sexually active adults

89
Q

Mumps vaccine clarification

A

Before 1957 - 1 dose

After 1957 - 2 doses

ANCC AGACNP Risk Assessment (1 decks)

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