Risk and the Financial sector Flashcards

1
Q

What is risk?

A

When changes are expected

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2
Q

what is uncertainty?

A

When changes are not expected

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3
Q

give 3 examples of economic shocks

A

Financial crisis, Oil Price shock 1973, coronavirus

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4
Q

What is a forward market?

A

can be in commodities/ currencies: buying at a fixed price for a future order and so you pay a higher current market price but could be benefitting for any future unpredictable events that could see a higher price.

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5
Q

What are pension funds/ insurance companies sometimes called?

A

Institutional shareholders

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6
Q

what are the roles of the financial sector?

A

Moblise savings, lend to businesses (for working capital) and individuals, to exchange goods/ services, to assess creditor risk, provide a forward market and a market for equities

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7
Q

When was the Monetary policy committee created

A

1997 by Gordon Brown

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8
Q

what do the MPC set?

A

The interest rate and inflationary target

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9
Q

what is a bond yield?

A

A return on investment that always stays the same (no interest)

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10
Q

What do banks now need to have under new regulation?

A

more equity, larger cash reserves, less reliance on short term loans and limits on bonuses

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11
Q

what does the Financial Policy Committee (FPC) deal with and what can they do?

A

The whole banking system: affordability tests, bank capital changes, mortgage limits (LTV or LTI)

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12
Q

what do the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) deal with?

A

Oversee individual banks

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13
Q

what do the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) deal with?

A

Consumer’s best interests

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14
Q

what is a subprime mortgage?

A

lots of bad debt labelled with good debt as ‘Good debt’ so that is collectively sold until little money is payed bank and so liquidity worsens

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15
Q

what market failure was there in the financial sector?

A

Asymmetric information, market bubbles/ speculation, market rigging, moral hazard and externalities

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16
Q

what schemes proved that bank culture was profit-motivated?

A

PPI and complicated T&C’s

17
Q

what did the FCA make 5 banks including RBS and HSBC pay for not spotting foreign dealers rigging exchange rates?

A

US$ 1.7bn

18
Q

How much did investment drop by from 2007-2009?

A

£25billion

19
Q

who led recovery from 2012 and what did the money go into?

A

Consumers and houses (make up 35% of UK market)