Rise to power Flashcards
weimar republic
- post WWI set up in 1919
- New constitution and government; Reichtag
- kaiser wilhelm II abdicated
treaty of versailles
1919; peace treaty that forces germany to pay hrash reparations and to demilitarize and accept all blame for WWi + lost terirroty (13% in europe and all colonies)
weimar constitution
- its wea; has proportional representation voting system
- constant government changes and lack of support for democratic government
-power to president; appointed chancler (has power to rule by degree in emergency under aticle 48)
= results in government being unable to make descisions
nazi party
National Socialit German Worker's Party; established in 1919 by Anton Drexler - attracts nationalists, ex-soldiers, conservative middle class and students fired for change
hitler origins
- austrian born
-refused entrance to art academy; moves to Germany to do military service
= works as army informant spy; spies on nazi party but becomes inspires and joines - becomes chairman in 1921; gives party new face, name and 25 POINT PROGRAMME
= PARTY NOT PUT UP FOR ELECTIONS UNTIL 1924
SA
sturm abteilung; paramilitary force
SS
hitlers personal body guards
Volkischer Beobachter
nazi newspaper
Munich Beerhall Putch
1923
- nazi party led by hitelr tries to interupt popliticl metting in munich beer hall as a coup
- shots fired and hitler arrested
EFFECTS;
- propaganda for nazi party
- hitlers trial; sympatethic judge describes hitler as ‘true national’ and doesn’t deport him; instead places him in jail for a little while where hitler writes MEIN KAMPF; DEVELOPMENT OF IDEOLOGY
- SS is established
- new party organization attracts more people
Hitlers rise
- long term bitterness due to treaty of versaiilies
- ineffective constitution
- money
- propaganda (joseph goebbels, TV, radio)
- programme
- attack on other parties
- personal qualitites (great spokesman)
- economic depressions
- rectruitment by hinden berg
- article 48 + enabling act
- reichtag fire
- munich beer putch
articlce 48
allows for chancellor to rule by decree in an emergency
effect of the weak constitution
- government exposed to threats (spartucus league and communists)
- right wing conservative elite hostile to government
- exarmy, judges, university, professors hohstile
- conservaticism and nationalism/right wing extremsinm rises; results in NAZISM
effect of the weak constitution
- government exposed to threats (spartucus league and communists)
- right wing conservative elite hostile to government
- exarmy, judges, university, professors hohstile
- conservaticism and nationalism/right wing extremsinm rises; results in NAZISM
sequence of events that led to hitlers rise`
1930:
- Nazi party has 107 seats in Reichtag (35%)
1932:
- Nazi party has 230 seats (77%)
- hitler refuses vice presidency
-vonschliecher becomes chancellor; dismissed by von papen
1933:
- von papen and schleicher make hitler chancellor to ‘control him;
-hitler calls for REELECTION; blames reichtags fire on communists + uses article 48 and enabling act to have totatl rule and power
= becomes dictator
summary
Hitler was a great speaker, with the power to make people support him.
The moderate political parties would not work together, although together they had more support than the Nazis.
The depression of 1929 created poverty and unemployment, which made people angry with the Weimar government. People lost confidence in the democratic system and turned towards the extremist political parties such as the Communists and Nazis during the depression.
The Nazi storm troopers attacked Hitler’s opponents.
Goebbels’ propaganda campaign was very effective and it won support for the Nazis. The Nazis targeted specific groups of society with different slogans and policies to win their support.
Hitler was given power in a seedy political deal by Hindenburg and Papen who foolishly thought they could control him.
German people were still angry about the Treaty of Versailles and supported Hitler because he promised to overturn it.
Industrialists gave Hitler money and support.
