Rise to power

Question 1

Mao Background

Answer 1

• born in Hunan Province 1893
• attended local school (literate); wealthy farmer family
• had a warlord (zhang ying yao) terrorize his province

Question 2

Mao influences

Answer 2

• conflict with Japan
• education; ‘the dismemberment of china’
• feudalism and ruling elite’s abuse of lower class
• overthrow of Qing Dynasty
• Anti-Westernism + economic imperialism
• regionalism + warlords

Question 3

Pre- Communist China

Answer 3

• Qing Dynasty + Feudalism; Sun Yixian overthrows Empres Cixi in Double Ten revolution; Sets 3 People’s Principles (Nationalism, Democracy, People’s Livelihood)
• Becomes GMD (Juah Shikai overhtrows Sun but dies)
• Warlord Era (1916-1927); no central government + regionalism
• Paris Peace Settelement of 1919; Japan gets control of Shadong (previously owned by germany)

Question 4

how did the treaty of versaillies influence mao

Answer 4

• anti western and anti-japanese expansion increases
  (strong xenophobia due to US involvement in bolshevik revolution)
• mao gains contact with russian cominterm
• gains interest in communism; aids in founding of CPC in 1912

Question 5

Communist Party of China

Answer 5

• established 1912
• two branches (bejing and shanghai)
• with with GMD in ‘first united front’ to get rid of war lords
• 12 main delegates (with Mao)

Question 6

Northern Expedition

Answer 6

(1926-28)
- sun returns from exile; establishes DMG
- wants to;
eliminate regionalism 
reduce war lord power 

• CPC and GMD form alliacne to defeat warlords and reduce foreign power; FIRST UNITED FRONT 1924
• Cpc membership rises { spread of communism
• sun dies and Chiang Kai-Shek replaces him

Question 7

Nanjing Decade

Answer 7

Struggle for chinese control

- Jiang distrusful of CPC during first united front== anti-communist

Question 8

White Terror

Answer 8

extermination/anti-communist purge campaign by Jiang to consolidate his GMD leadership
- first untied front collapses
- communist leaders are killed
- Campaign fails due to japanese attack on manchuria;
Mao’s fear of japaanese of expansion increases

MAO:

• CPC fights against japanese; jiang doesnt becauase occupied with anti-communism
• sets up communist group in Jiangxi (wants peasant based revolution= peasant mass support, indepdent ofrce and secure military base)= bECOMES MORE PROMIMENT

Question 9

The Long March

Answer 9

(1934)
- GMD caused communists to retreat from GMD attempt to elimated party (90% of members killed)

Zuni Conference 1936; Zhou Enlai joins forces with mao

result:

• cpc gains symbolic power of not being extinguished by GMD
• Mao becomes main/sole communist leader (personal gain)
• military and guerrila tactics used

Question 10

Sino- Japanese War

Answer 10

(1937-45)

• Japan invades during WWII (Manchuria)
• “the japanese are a disease of the skin; communists are a disease of the heart”- Jiang
• Jiang hopes US will deal with them; wants to deal with communists

Question 11

Second- United Front

Answer 11

CPC and GMD (Jiang forced) to team up against japan

• Mao becomes chairman of CPC (1943)
• Jiang breaks alliances + forces party to attack CPC
• only Mao/CPPC fighting japanese= international (US/USSR) and internal support
• Jian loses mind; corruption and bad leadership
• war ends with US dropping atomic bomb

Question 12

Yan’an Recifification Campaign

Answer 12

(1945); campaign led by Mao to revise Maoist thought and purge undesirable elements of party
- educate masses of communism
- communists ‘study sessions’ for communists peasants
- members told to critize maosim/themselves to improve it;
campaign to identify, marginalise, intimidate and remove party members opposed to Mao’s leadership and policies
= CPC seen as true nationalist + purge unwanted members + mao established as undisputed leader

Question 13

Civil War

Answer 13

1927-1950
CPC won war; Jiang resigns presidency
- People’s Republic of China (PRC) formed
-Mao promises agricultrist, social and united transformation into socialist state

Question 14

Civil War CPC strengths

Answer 14

• use of guerilla warfare and north positioning
• united, agreed leadership and morals
• CPC captures weapons of GMD (US donated)
• national and some international (USSR) support
• REd Army and peasants
• good conditions and training

Question 15

Civil War GMD weaknessses

Answer 15

• ambigious goal; low morale; bad tactics
• disjoint leadership (Jiang crazy) and little direction
• limited USA assisatnce
• hyperinflation, corruption and political terror
• bad conditions for GMD army