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World History > Rise of Totalitarianism/Road to War > Flashcards

Rise of Totalitarianism/Road to War Flashcards

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1
Q

Totalitarianism: Definition

A

A system of government where the government has control of politics and law, economy and social situations

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2
Q

Totalitarianism: Ideology

A

Sets goals of the state, glorifies aims of the state, justifies government actions

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3
Q

Totalitarianism: Important people

A

Joseph Stalin, Adolf Hitler

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4
Q

Propaganda

A

Information used to promote a specific viewpoint or ideology

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5
Q

1-Party Rule

A

A form of government in which one party has control

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6
Q

Command vs Corporate economy

A

Command is based on supply and demand, corporate is controlled by the government

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7
Q

Great Purge

A

In 1930’s Stalin conducted a great purge and killed thousands at a time

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8
Q

Gulag

A

A system of labor camps maintained in the Soviet Union from 1930 to 1955 in which many people died

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9
Q

Cheka

A

A secret police in Russia that had virtually unrestrained power, performed mass arrests, imprisonment, torture, and executions without trial

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10
Q

5-year plans

A

Focused on industrializing the USSR, as a result steel railroads and heavy industry flourished but very few consumer goods were made

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11
Q

Collective Farms

A

Small farms were forced to join their land and produce whatever crops the government demanded

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12
Q

Kulaks

A

A person who resisted collectivization, were declared enemies of the state and stripped of land, home and personal belongings

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13
Q

Holodomor

A

Stalin wanted collectivization of agriculture, forced Ukrainians to comply, many didn’t so he forced them to make high grain quotas. Widespread hunger and famine throughout Ukraine and Russia.

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14
Q

Cult of personality

A

Exaggerated devotion to a leader often created by authoritarian figures to help them maintain power; replaced Russian Orthodox Christian Church

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15
Q

Fascism: 5 Stages

A

1) Emerging out of disillusionment
2) Leaders created their own political parties to challenge the ruling establishment
3) Gaining power via right wing partnerships
4) Using power to dominate institutions
5) Implementing radical reforms

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16
Q

Fascism vs Communism: Foreign Policy

A

F: Nationalist, desired colonies
C: Internationalist because workers should unite

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17
Q

Fascism vs Communism: Economic Policy

A

F: Supported private businesses and property
C: No private property, against business owners and profits

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18
Q

Fascism vs Communism: Society’s Structure

A

F: Different social classes
C: No social classes

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19
Q

Fascism vs Communism: Supporters

A

F: Business leaders and wealthy landowners who were afraid of communism
C: Workers

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20
Q

Locations where people were fighting in the 1920’s following WW1

A

Russia, Germany, Palestine (Arabs vs Jews), Irish vs British, Greeks vs Turks

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21
Q

Main goals of the treaties made in the 1920’s

A

To maintain peace and to prevent future wars

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22
Q

League of Nations (1920)

A

Resolve disputes through diplomacy/peacefully

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23
Q

9-Power Treaty (1922)

A

Major powers wouldn’t colonize China, instead divide into spheres of influence for trade

24
Q

Dawes Plan

A

Gradually reduced reparation payments Germany had to make

25
Q

Hyperinflation

A

EXAMPLE:
In 1918 $1 = 9 marks
In 1923 $1 = 4 billion marks

26
Q

How did the Dawes plan and the Young plan help economies?

A

Dawes plan reduced reparations, and loaned money to the German government. International trade increased, US businesses benefited and European countries were able to rebuild infrastructure and factories.

27
Q

Great Depression

A

Started in the US in 1929 and destroyed (eventually) the US economy

28
Q

John Maynard Keynes

A

-In protest of the Treaty of Versailles
-Predicted that war reparations would lead to economic collapse
-advocated deficit spending
-Wrote “Economic Consequences of the Peace”

29
Q

Friedrich Hayek

A

-Disagreed with Keynes
-No government intervention in economy
-People need individual freedoms in economy

30
Q

Weimar Republic

A

Government following WW1 but prior to Hitler

31
Q

Mein Kampf

A

An autobiography written by Hitler that outlines his ideas
- was written while he was in jail

32
Q

Nationalism/Pan Germanism

A

Increased German pride, all German speakers should be united under one government

33
Q

Racism

A

Germans (Aryans) were the superior race, Slavs and Jews were inferior races living side-by-side with Aryans

34
Q

Antisemitism

A

Starting in the 1880’s Jewish people were believed to be a different race rather than just a different ethnic group with different religious beliefs

35
Q

Dangers of Communism and Democracy

A

C: It was dangerous because of its belief in international unions of workers in contrast to Hitler’s strong belief in Nationalism
D: It was dangerous because civil rights and multiple political parties weakened societal unity

36
Q

Lebensraum

A

Living space for Germans, superior Germans should expand eastward

37
Q

Scapegoat

A

1) Jews were the cause of Germany’s problems even though they were only 2% of the population
2) Weimar government stabbed Germany in the back by signing Treaty of Versailles

38
Q

Violence

A

=strength, conquering weaker people is beneficial for society, can be used to intimidate opponents, makes it easier to win support

39
Q

Propaganda

A

1) Can be used to increase support for “us” by exaggerating positives
2) Can be used to decrease support by portraying others as destructive

40
Q

Nazi Party

A

Hitler joined the Nazis and became its leader in 1921, were a small fascist party when he joined

41
Q

Beer Hall Putch

A

In 1923, Hitler led a small group of Nazis in an attempt to take over Bavarian state government in Munich, it failed and Hitler went to jail

42
Q

Reichstag

A

The capitol-esque building in Germany

43
Q

Chancellor

A

Another word for a person who is like a president or leader of a country/government

44
Q

Why did business and social leaders support the Nazis?

A

They appealed to the middle classes because they wanted to eliminate communists

45
Q

Article 48 and Enabling Act

A

Article 48 stated that the leader of Weimar Gov’t can temporarily rule as a dictator, Enabling act made it permanent.

46
Q

The SA

A

Ernest Rohm, violently influenced party norms, attempted to influence elections

47
Q

The SS

A

Heinrich Himmler, established as Hitler’s bodyguards, became elite guard and executive force

48
Q

Gestapo

A

Germany’s political police force, reliably brutal, enforced Nazi rules

49
Q

Ministry of Propaganda and Public Enlightenment

A

Joseph Gobbels, had control over radio, film, theater, and press, created propaganda to strengthen 3rd Reich

50
Q

Night of the Long Knives (1934)

A

It let Hitler combine president and chancellor of Germany and force people to swear an oath of loyalty, killed Ernest Rohm

51
Q

Nuremberg Laws (1935)

A

Allowed Hitler to legally reshape Germany according to their racial ideals, legally discriminated against Jews and minorities

52
Q

Kristallnacht (1938)

A

Gave Hitler power to restrict Jew’s rights, forced Jews to pay an atonement tax, massive arrests

53
Q

Concordat/Treaty with the Vatican

A

Catholics could practice their religion freely in Germany, in exchange the Pope would not criticize Nazi actions and policies

54
Q

Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis (1936)

A

Military alliance between Italy, Japan and Germany

55
Q

Non-Aggression Pact

A

USSR and Nazi Germany agreed not to attack each other, secretly Hitler and Stalin agreed to split Poland

World History (1 decks)

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