rise of nationalism in Europe

Question 1

painting of Fredric Sorrieu

Answer 1

1) 4 painting series (first print)
2) visualizing the dream of a democratic and social republic
3) people of Europe marching to give respect to the Statue of Liberty
4) statue with the torch of enlightment on one charterer of rights men in the other

Question 2

nation - state

Answer 2

majority of citizens and not only its ruler come to develop a sense of common identity and shared history

Question 3

modern state

Answer 3

practice by which a centralised power exercise control over a clearly defined terretory

Question 4

Collective Identity in France

Answer 4

1) la patrie and le citoyen to emphasise idea of equal rights
2) new french flag
3)estate general
4)hyms and oath in name of nation
5)central administration system
6)uniform system of wheight and measurement
7) french language

Question 5

civil code

Answer 5

1. abolished privileges based on birth
2. freed peasant from feudal dues.
3. guild restriction removed
4. tranportation and communication system was improvised

Question 6

Conservatives

Answer 6

The conservatives believed in traditional institutions of state and society and the believed in church, monarchy, social hierarchies, property and the family should be preserved.

Question 7

liberalism

Answer 7

political sphere
1. end of autocracy
2.wanted government by contest
3.did not talk about universal suffrage
# economic sphere
1.abolish state imposed restriction on movement of good
wanted uniform weightage system

Question 8

Zollverein

Answer 8

traders and businessman had to pay many taxes due to which price of good increased also there was no uniform measurement system. so came together to form zollverein

abolished tariff barriers and reduced no. of currency from 30 to 2

Question 9

treaty of Vienna

Answer 9

A
1815 European powers like Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria defeated napoleon in the battle of water loo and met in Vienna for the settlement of Europe.
Power was restored by the bourbon dynasty
France lost all its territories in the battle
39 states of German confederation formed by napoleon were left untouched.
Borders were made to prevent France from expanding.

Question 10

Giuseppe Mazzini

Answer 10

member of carbonari
found 2 society :-
young italy in merseilles
young europe in berne
believed god had intended nation to be the natural unit of man kind.
“most dangerous enemy for our social order” - Duke matternich

Question 11

greek war of independence

Answer 11

1) Part of ottoman empire.
2)growth of revolutionaries sparked struugle for independence among the greek in 1821.
3)support from greeks living in exile.
4)poets and artitians mobilsed public opinion.
5)treaty of constantinapole of 1832 recogonised greeks as independent nation.

Question 12

romantisism

Answer 12

1)cultural movement where poets and heart issues represented the National sentiments through paintings and poems
2)they generally focus on emotions and mystical feelings
3)Their effort was to create a sense of a shared collective heritage, a common cultural past.

Question 13

What role did language play in developing nationalist sentiments in Poland?

Answer 13

Language played an important role in developing nationalist sentiments in Poland. After Russian occupation, the Polish language was forced out of schools and the Russian language was imposed everywhere.
many people began to use polish language as a weapon of national resistance polish was used for church gathering

Question 14

hunger, hardship and revolt

Answer 14

The 1830s were years of great economic hardship in Europe. The first half of the nineteenth century saw an enormous increase in population all over Europe. ii In 1848 food shortages and widespread unemployment brought the population of Paris out on the roads. Barricades were erected and Louis Philippe was forced to flee. A National Assembly proclaimed a Republic granted suffrage to all adult males above 21 and guaranteed the right to work. National workshops to provide employment were set up.

Question 15

revolution in german region

Answer 15

1)middle class proffeisionals came together in city of frankfurt to elect all german national assembly.
2)on 18 may 1848, 831 elected representative marched to take place in frankfurt parliament
3)drafted constitution for a german nation to be headed by a monarch subject to parliament.
4)prussian king rejected joined monarch to oppose the elected representative.

Question 16

Three feautures of Frankfurt parliament

Answer 16

831 representatives marched
Parliament was monopolised by working men and women
King of Prussia, fredrich willhelm IV rejected constitutional monarchy

Question 17

unification

Answer 17

Making of German:
Otto Von bismarck took leadership role with support of Prussian army and bureaucracy.
Kaiser William 1 was the new German emperor. The ceremony took place in y
The hall of mirrors

Making of Italy:
North Italy was under the Austrian Habsburg. South Italy was under the bourbon kings of Spain. Central Italy was ruled by POP. Victor Emmanuel gave directions to casour and freed north Italy. South Italy got freed by the help of garibaldi. And centre Italy surrendered itself.

Britain:
English parliament seized power from the ruling monarchy. British nation was formed and it was facilitated through the mass propagation of English culture.

Question 18

Nationalism and imperialism

Answer 18

Modern balkans included Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Romania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Albania, Serbia and Slovenia this area was made by romantic nationalism, hence most of the European powers wanted to control these area so this led to a series of war called as First World War.

Question 19

visualising the nation

Answer 19

Nation or a nation state seemed as abstract form. Artists in the 18th and 19th centuries found a way, by personifying a nation. In other words, they represented the country, as if it were a person. Nations were portrayed as female figures.

Question 20

Marianne

Answer 20

• Marianne is a popular Christian name which became female allegory of France.
• Her characteristics were drawn from those of Liberty and the Republic.
  → Red cap that symbolises liberty, the tricolour, the cockade symbolises French republic.
  → It became national symbol unity and people can identify them with it.

→ The statues of Marianne were established in public locations

→ The images of Marianne were also marked on coins and stamps in France.

Question 21

Germania

Answer 21

• Germania became the allegory of the German nation.
• Germania was the female allegory of Germany
  *she wears the crown which contains the German oak leaves symbolize the heroism
  *her sword show readiness to fight
  and the olive leaves surrounded show willingness to have peace

Question 22

*Broken Chains
*Breastplate with eagle
*Crown of oak leaves
*Sword
*Olive branches around the leaves
*Black, red, and gold tricolor
*Rays of the rising sun

Answer 22

*Being freed
*symbol of the German empire – strength
*heroism
*Readiness to fight
*Willingness to make peace
*Flag of liberal nationalists in 1848, banned by the Dukes of the German states
*Beginning of the new era