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rise of industrializaton terms Flashcards

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1
Q

compromise of 1877

A

was an informal agreement between southern democrats and allies of the republican rutherford hayes to settle the result of the 1876 presidential election and marked the end of the reconstruction era

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2
Q

exodusters

A

the first general migration of african americans because of economic and political grievances after the reconstruction era

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3
Q

separate but equal

A

laws designed to achieve racial segregation by means of separate and equal public facilities and services for african americans and white people

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4
Q

plessy v ferguson

A

upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine

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5
Q

jim crow laws

A

state and local laws enforcing racial segregation

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6
Q

disenfranchisement

A

is the restriction of voting of a person or group of people, or a practice that has the effect of preventing a person excercising the right to vote

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7
Q

benjamin pap singleton

A

advocated for the organized colonization of blacks in communities in kansas (leader of the exodusters)

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8
Q

homestead act

A

provided 160 acres of federal land to civilians who would farm the land

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9
Q

transcontinental railroad

A

opened up the american west to more rapid development

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10
Q

manifest destiny

A

the idea that the usa is destined by god and its advocates believed to expand its dominion and spread democracy and capitalism across the entire north american continent

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11
Q

americanization

A

activities that were designed to prepare foreign born residents of the usa for full participation in citizenship

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12
Q

assimilation

A

the process whereby individuals or groups of differing ethnic heritage are absorbed into the dominant culture of a society

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13
Q

reservation

A

small parcels of land on which indian people were supposed to live

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14
Q

dawes act

A

us law providing for the distribution of indian reservation land among individual native americans

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15
Q

political machine

A

an urban organization designed to win elections and rewards its followers, both rich and poor

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16
Q

civil service

A

the body of government officials who are employed in civil occupations that are neither political nor judicial

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17
Q

spoils system

A

based on the policy of removing political opponents from federal offices and replacing them with party loyalists

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18
Q

william “boss” tweed

A

an american politician most notable for being the boss of tammany hall, the democratic political machine that played a major role in the politics of new york city in the late 1800s

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19
Q

thomas nast

A

editorial cartoonist often considered to be the “father of the american cartoon,” exposing boss tweed and his corruption

20
Q

james garfield

A

a soldier and congressman who became the 20th president. assassinated due to the inability to perform duties of office

21
Q

chester arthur

A

americas 21st president

22
Q

robber barons

A

took advantage of workers, kept more money than they should, and used unethical business practices

23
Q

monopoly

A

one company leads a business, no competition

24
Q

vertical integration

A

form of business organization in which all stages of production of a good, from the acquisition of raw materials to the retailing of the final product, are controlled by one company

25
Q

horizontal integration

A

the merger of 2 or more companies that occupy similar levels in the production supply chain

26
Q

trust

A

a group of businessmen or traders organized for mutual benefit to produce and distribute specific commodities or services, and managed by a central body of trustees

27
Q

alexander graham bell

A

scottish inventor known for inventing the telephone

28
Q

henry bessemer

A

inventor and engineer who developed the first process for manufacturing steel cheaply, leading to the bessemer converter

29
Q

andrew carnegie

A
  • steel
  • libraries (3000ish)
  • carnegie hall
30
Q

thomas edison

A

inventor of the lightbulb

31
Q

j.p. morgan

A
  • investor, financed different industries
  • banking
  • bailed out the usa
32
Q

john d rockefeller

A
  • oil tycoon (standard oil)

- steamboats

33
Q

nikola tesla

A

inventor of the first alternating current motor and developed ac generation and transmission technology

34
Q

cornelius vanderbilt

A
  • railroads
  • commodore
  • vandy
35
Q

madam cj walker

A

african american woman who made hair products

36
Q

george washington carver

A

introduced crop rotation and used peanuts for numerous things

37
Q

urbanization

A

the process by which rural communities grow to form cities, or urban centers, and by extension the growth and expansion of those cities

38
Q

settlement house

A

organizations that provided support services to the urban poor and european immigrants, often including education, healthcare, childcare, and employment resources

39
Q

old vs new immigration

A

old was catholic

new was jewish and protestant

40
Q

migration

A

everyone came to the usa for economic hopes and success

41
Q

push and pull factors

A

push factors push people away from their home and include things like war. pull factors pull people to a new home and include things like better opportunities

42
Q

nativism

A

political policy of promoting or protecting the interests of native or indigenous inhabitants over those of immigrants, including the e support of immigration restriction measures

43
Q

ethnic clusters

A

angel island took asians

elvis island took europeans

44
Q

chinese exclusion act

A

ban on chinese laborers immigrating to the usa

45
Q

jacob riis

A

exposed the awful living conditions of immigrants in new york

history (2 decks)

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