rise of industrializaton terms Flashcards
compromise of 1877
was an informal agreement between southern democrats and allies of the republican rutherford hayes to settle the result of the 1876 presidential election and marked the end of the reconstruction era
exodusters
the first general migration of african americans because of economic and political grievances after the reconstruction era
separate but equal
laws designed to achieve racial segregation by means of separate and equal public facilities and services for african americans and white people
plessy v ferguson
upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine
jim crow laws
state and local laws enforcing racial segregation
disenfranchisement
is the restriction of voting of a person or group of people, or a practice that has the effect of preventing a person excercising the right to vote
benjamin pap singleton
advocated for the organized colonization of blacks in communities in kansas (leader of the exodusters)
homestead act
provided 160 acres of federal land to civilians who would farm the land
transcontinental railroad
opened up the american west to more rapid development
manifest destiny
the idea that the usa is destined by god and its advocates believed to expand its dominion and spread democracy and capitalism across the entire north american continent
americanization
activities that were designed to prepare foreign born residents of the usa for full participation in citizenship
assimilation
the process whereby individuals or groups of differing ethnic heritage are absorbed into the dominant culture of a society
reservation
small parcels of land on which indian people were supposed to live
dawes act
us law providing for the distribution of indian reservation land among individual native americans
political machine
an urban organization designed to win elections and rewards its followers, both rich and poor
civil service
the body of government officials who are employed in civil occupations that are neither political nor judicial
spoils system
based on the policy of removing political opponents from federal offices and replacing them with party loyalists
william “boss” tweed
an american politician most notable for being the boss of tammany hall, the democratic political machine that played a major role in the politics of new york city in the late 1800s
thomas nast
editorial cartoonist often considered to be the “father of the american cartoon,” exposing boss tweed and his corruption
james garfield
a soldier and congressman who became the 20th president. assassinated due to the inability to perform duties of office
chester arthur
americas 21st president
robber barons
took advantage of workers, kept more money than they should, and used unethical business practices
monopoly
one company leads a business, no competition
vertical integration
form of business organization in which all stages of production of a good, from the acquisition of raw materials to the retailing of the final product, are controlled by one company
horizontal integration
the merger of 2 or more companies that occupy similar levels in the production supply chain
trust
a group of businessmen or traders organized for mutual benefit to produce and distribute specific commodities or services, and managed by a central body of trustees
alexander graham bell
scottish inventor known for inventing the telephone
henry bessemer
inventor and engineer who developed the first process for manufacturing steel cheaply, leading to the bessemer converter
andrew carnegie
- steel
- libraries (3000ish)
- carnegie hall
thomas edison
inventor of the lightbulb
j.p. morgan
- investor, financed different industries
- banking
- bailed out the usa
john d rockefeller
- oil tycoon (standard oil)
- steamboats
nikola tesla
inventor of the first alternating current motor and developed ac generation and transmission technology
cornelius vanderbilt
- railroads
- commodore
- vandy
madam cj walker
african american woman who made hair products
george washington carver
introduced crop rotation and used peanuts for numerous things
urbanization
the process by which rural communities grow to form cities, or urban centers, and by extension the growth and expansion of those cities
settlement house
organizations that provided support services to the urban poor and european immigrants, often including education, healthcare, childcare, and employment resources
old vs new immigration
old was catholic
new was jewish and protestant
migration
everyone came to the usa for economic hopes and success
push and pull factors
push factors push people away from their home and include things like war. pull factors pull people to a new home and include things like better opportunities
nativism
political policy of promoting or protecting the interests of native or indigenous inhabitants over those of immigrants, including the e support of immigration restriction measures
ethnic clusters
angel island took asians
elvis island took europeans
chinese exclusion act
ban on chinese laborers immigrating to the usa
jacob riis
exposed the awful living conditions of immigrants in new york
