Rise Of Fascist Italy 1915 - 1925

Question 1

What happened to the fascists after WW1?

Answer 1

• Soldiers found it hard to settle and were scornful of those who stayed at home
  -Missed comradeship so many soldiers joined militia groups
  -New officers were determined to let everyone know that they won the war

Question 2

Reasons for rise of Fascism ?

Answer 2

• ‘Mutilated Victory’
• Seizure of Fiume
• Nationalist support
• Shit past Liberal gov
• Socialist threat
• Socialists refused to govern
• Increase in maximalist ideas

Question 3

What did the Socialists do after the WW1 ?

Answer 3

• Seized factories to make weapons against Liberals
• Formed trade unions
• Controlled 26/96 provinces
• Set up cheaper cooperative shops

Question 4

Why did Fascists appeal to Students?

Answer 4

Formed the ‘Black Shirts’ which students joined to gain a sense of pride and identity

Question 5

Why did Fascists appeal to Industrialists ?

Answer 5

Fascists attacked Socialists and meant they would give up control of the factories

Question 6

Why did Fascists appeal to Middle Class?

Answer 6

Scared of workers rights which would mean less profit due to higher wages and less working hours

Question 7

Why did Fascists appeal to Demobilised Soldiers?

Answer 7

Trench-ocracy whereby people who fought for the country in WW1 would be in positions of power

Question 8

Why did Fascists appeal to Lower Middle Class?

Answer 8

Promised 8 hour working days and higher wages to sustain a healthy life

Question 9

Why did Fascists appeal to farmers?

Answer 9

Scared of Collectivism under Socialists meaning they would lose land

Question 10

How did Mussolini become PM in 1922

Answer 10

• Mussolini gave speech and told the people to march on Rome to force the King to make him PM
• The King did it in fear of a revolt and his fascist cousin taking the throne

Question 11

Who helped Mussolini’s appointment to PM ?

Answer 11

• PM Facta : Resigned for Salandra to take over after being denied Martial Law
• PM Salandra : Unable to persuade Mussolini to join his cabinet so resigned for him to fully take over
• Marshal Diaz : Told King the army would be loyal to Fascists and not him
• The Elite : Asked Rome to make Mussolini PM like Pirelli and Olivetti
• The Squads : Took over local councils
• Pope Pius XI : Allowed Fascist banners in church to oppose the Socialists
• King Victor Emmanuel : Rejected martial law against Fascists and appointed Mussolini as PM

Question 12

What was the 2 types of Fascists ?

Answer 12

REAL - Genuinely believed ideologies
TACTICAL - More scared of Socialists so supported the opposites in Facsists

Question 13

What did Rule by Decree do for Fascists ?

Answer 13

Once granted it meant Mussolini could become permanent dictator without opposition meaning Fascist could essentially do as they please

Question 14

What was the Matteotti Crisis ?

Answer 14

• Matteotti was a Socialist MP who was publicly critical of Mussolini and so he was then killed on 10th June 1924 with speculation that the Fascists were involved
• Mussolini fires De Bono from chief of police in order to create a scapegoat
• Mussolini denied this but still his support was weakened and in turn he banned all other political parties a year later