Rise

Question 1

CCP (Chinese Communist Party)

Answer 1

Founded in 1921, encouraged by Russian COminterm. Mao became chairman in 1943. Sole party of China

Question 2

Red Army

Answer 2

1st army of Communist Part. Mao treated as equals. Used guerilla tactics. Became the PLA

Question 3

PRC (People’s Republic of China)

Answer 3

Established by the CCP in 1949 after Nationalist party fled to Taiwan

Question 4

PLA (People’s Liberation Army)

Answer 4

Formal army that came out of the Red Army. Defeated Chiang-Kai Sheks forces

Question 5

Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping, Liu Shaoqi

Answer 5

Cleaned up the mess of Great Leap Forward (return to private farming). Mao feared their challenge

Question 6

Red Guards

Answer 6

Youth movement at beginning of Cultural Revolution. Make CHina Maoist from inside out

Question 7

Gang of four

Answer 7

Extreme hardliners in Chinese Communist Party. LEd by Mao’s wife, Jiang Quing

Question 8

Sino-Japanese War (1931-45) and Chinese Civil War (1945-49)

Answer 8

Sino-Japanese war allowed Japan to take Manchuria. Nationalists were slow to respond and Communists claimed to be “true defenders of China”. Chinese Civil War- Red Army beat Nationalists who then fled to Taiwan. Mao resisted Japanese invasion and beat Nationalists. PRC was declared

Question 9

Poverty/Peasants

Answer 9

China’s population doubled in 1800s. Agriculture unable to produce extra food. Famines were frequent. 80% population (rural peasant farmers) in poverty

Question 10

Spheres of Influence (1800-1900s)

Answer 10

China was forced to enter “unequal treaties” with Western nations. China surrendered sovereign territory and felt bitterness from humiliating foreign domination

Question 11

May Fourth Movement (1919)

Answer 11

Students led protests against the Japanese getting territories after WWI. Anti-government, anti-foreigner. Sparked nationalism and move toward left-wing politics.

Question 12

Creation of PRC

Answer 12

Mao announces “One party state, six regions, military control, all power ‘rested with the people’”. Politburo (inner core of 20+ communist party leaders actually carried out the gov, with approval from Mao)

Question 13

Maoism

Answer 13

Mao promoted own version of Marxism, along with nationalism, emphasizing peasants, rather than industrial workers as the class revolutionaries. Mao redefined the Marxist term proletariat to mean anyone who had suffered opposition

Question 14

Rectification Campaigns (1942-44)

Answer 14

Indoctrinating new CCP recruits into Maoism. Party members engaged in public self-criticism, confessing past errors, publicly acknowledging the correctness of Mao’s thought. Mao gains cult status and promotes anything left and collective. Early-stage purge and public shaming