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Geography > Rio de Janeiro > Flashcards

Rio de Janeiro Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Rio?

A

Brazil’s Atlantic coast at 23 degrees south and 43 degrees west. Around a large natural bay called Guanabara Bay.

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2
Q

Key factors of Rio

A

Brazil’s second most important industrial centre, producing 5% of Brazil’s GDP

Stunning natural surroundings, one of most visited cities in southern hemisphere

World Cup and Olympics

Major port

Statue of Christ the Redeemer

Main service industries are banking, finance and insurance

Manufacturing industries- chemicals, pharmaceuticals, clothing, furniture and processed foods

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3
Q

How and why has Rio grown?

A

Economic activities attracted many migrants. They have contributed to development. Racially mixed population.

Migrants come from:
Amazon Basin
Other countries- South America, such as Argentina and Bolivia
South Korea and China/ business opportunities
Common language- Portugal
Attracts skilled workers from USA and UK

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4
Q

What land uses does Rio have?

A

mountains, coasts and large squatter settlements

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5
Q

What land uses are in the north zone of Rio?

A

City’s main industrial and port areas
International airport and Maracana soccer stadium
Low quality housing and flavelas
Tijuca National Park

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6
Q

What land uses are in the Centro of Rio?

A

Oldest part of city, historic buildings
City’s CBD and main shopping area
Financial centre with headquarters of Petrobras and CVBB, Brazil’s largest oil and mining companies

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7
Q

What is in the west zone of Rio?

A

Barra da Tijuca changed from lower class area into wealthy coastal suburb with luxury apartments, shopping malls, recreational and tourist facilities

Industrial area of Campo Grande has low quality housing around steelworks

Main olympic stadiums and competitor village for 2016 are located here

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8
Q

What is in the south zone of Rio?

A

Developed after tunnels cut through mountains
Rio’s main tourist hotels and beaches such as Copacabana and Ipanema
Wealthy area dominated by luxury flats
Overlooked by Rocinha, largest flavela in South America

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9
Q

What challenges does Rio face by providing services for its population?

A

Health Care
Education
Water Supply
Energy

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10
Q

Solution for health care

A

Flavela if Santa Marta. Set in steep hillside with population of 8000, few roads, use overcrowded cable car. Medical staff took health kit into people’s homes, detect 20 diseases and treat them. Infant mortality fallen and life expectancy rises

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11
Q

Solution for Education

A

Encouraging local people to volunteer to help in school
Giving school grants to poor families to help meet cost of keeping children in school
Making money available to pay for free sports lessons
open private university

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12
Q

Solution of water supply

A

7 new treatment plants built between 1998 & 2014

Over 300km pipes laid. 95% population had mains water supply

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13
Q

Solution for energy

A

Installing 60km of new power lines
Building new nuclear generator
Developing new Simplico hydro-electric complex, increase Rios supply of electricity by 30%. 6 years and cost $6 billion

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14
Q

Effects of economic growth in Rio?

A

Large population, financial sector, port facilities and industrial areas. Provides more than 6% of all employment in Brazil.

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15
Q

Types of employment in Rio

A 
Port industries
Oil refining and petrochemical industries
Manufacturing 
Tourism 
Steel
Construction
Retail and distribution 
Service industries
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16
Q

Unemployment in Rio

A

Deep recession in 2015. Protested about high taxes, poor education and inadequate health care.

Unemployment rates in flavela over 20%. Most work in informal economy.

Work as street vendors, drivers, labourers, maids or in production.

Poorly paid, pay no taxes and government receive no money

17
Q

What is being done about unemployment?

A

Use education to reduce youth employment. Schools of tomorrow programme improve education in poor and violent areas.

Courses available for adults
Free child care for teenage parents

18
Q

What is the crime problem in Rio?

A

Robbery and violent crime. Murder, kidnapping, carjacking and armed assault

19
Q

What steps have police taken to control crime?

A

In 2013 Pacifying Police Units reclaim flavelas from drug dealers

Police taken control of crime-dominated Complexo do Alemao and 30 smaller flavelas

20
Q

Environmental challenges

A

Air pollution
Traffic Congestion
Water pollution
Waste pollution

21
Q

Why is there air pollution?

A

Heavy traffic and congestion on roads causes build-up of exhaust fumes
Most from atlantic mixes with vehicle exhaust fumes and pollutants from factory chimneys

22
Q

Steep mountainsTunnels through mountains needed to connect different areasNumber of cars grown by 40%High crime levels- people prefer to travel by car

A

Why is there traffic congestion?

23
Q

Expansion of metro system under Guanabara Bay, to South zone and Barra da TijucaNew toll roads into city centreCoast roads 1 way in rush hour

A

Solution for traffic congestion

24
Q

Many of 55 rivers into bay heavily pollutedPolluted by run off from open sewers in flavelasOver 200 tonnes of raw sewage pours into bay each dayOver 50 tonnes industrial waste enters bay each dayBeen oil spills from Petrobras oil refineryShip empties fuel tank in bay, no facilities

A

Sources of water pollution

25
Q

12 sewage works been built since 2004 at US$ 68 millionShips fined for discharging fuel into bay illegally5km of new sewage pipes installed around badly polluted areas

A

Solution of water pollution

26
Q

FlavelasAccess difficult for waste collection lorries. Most waste therefore dumped into water.

A

Waste pollution

27
Q

Power plants been set up near Uni of Rio using methane gas.

A

Solution of waste pollution

28
Q

Illegal settlements where people built homes on land that they don’t own.

A

Why have flavelas grown?

29
Q

60% in suburbs25% in outer parts of citysome 40km from city centre

A

Where are flavelas located?

30
Q

Largest flavela 75000 population, expected to be 3x higherOverlooks wealthy area of Copacabana and IpanemaFlavela now has:90% houses built with brick and with electricity, running water & sewage systemsMany houses with TVs and fridgesOwn newspaper and radio stationRetail facilities including food, clothes and video rental shops, bars, travel agent and Mcdonald’s Schools, health facilities & uni

A

Rocinha

31
Q

Construction ServicesUnemployment Crime Health

A

Challenges of squatter settlements

32
Q

Houses poorly constructedBuilt on steep slopes, heavy rain & storms cause landslideLimited road access

A

How is construction a challenge?

33
Q

12% homes no running waterover 30% no electricity 50% no sewer connection Illegal connections to electricity pylonsSewers often open drainsDrinking water from tapping into city water main. Bottom of steep slopes, several trips each day

A

How is services a challenge?

34
Q

Rates as high as 20%Poorly paid, irregular jobsAverage incomes less than £75 a month

A

Why is unemployment a challenge?

35
Q

High murder rate of 20 per 1000 people in many flavelas Drug gangs dominate many flavelasMany inhabitants distrust police because violence and corruption

A

Why is crime a challenge?

36
Q

Population density of 37000 per km squaredInfant mortality rates as high as 50 per 100Waste not disposed of, increase danger of diseaseBurning running sets fire to wooden houses

A

Why is health a challenge?

37
Q

moving people to new areas, reduce overcrowdingDevelop rural areas Raise taxes on rich to help fund poorDevelop cultural activities for youngstersRehousing from flavela to basic houseForced eviction to clear land for development

A

How are flavelas improved?

38
Q

Paved roadsAccess to water supply and drainagea secure hillsides- landslideNew health, leisure and education facilitiesCable car systemAccess to credit100% mortgages Pacifying Police Unit

A

Flavela Bairro project- improving life in flavelas

39
Q

Some demolished. About 1000 lost homes, 3000 more planned to be demolished800 new houses built in Campo Grande

A

Effect of Olympics on flavelas

Geography (13 decks)

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