Rights, Liberty and Equality Flashcards
1
Q
How can duty to the state be demonstrated?
A
- Voting
- Assisting in law and order
- Working
- Providing for oneself in old age
- Helping the community
- Providing involvement in political and social issues
- Volunteering
- Supporting charity
- Taking responsibility for one’s actions
2
Q
What are legal rights
A
- Enshrined in law
3
Q
What are moral rights?
A
Exist prior to and independent of legal rights
4
Q
What was Apartheid Africa
A
Morally wrong, legally right
5
Q
What did Liberals say about Natural Rights?
A
Locke
- ‘Liberty Right’ to equal liberty
- ‘Claim Right’ to not be harmed - person/ property
- Morally enforceable
Jefferson
- Rights derived from laws of nature, not chief magistrate
Mill
- Classical rights tend to be negative - influence of Mill’s harm principle
6
Q
Human Rights
What are they?
A
- Rights attached to humans, function as moral guarantees in support of the enjoyment of a minimally good life
- Cannot be considered wholly legal
- More moral - apply to all, even when not enforced
- Marxists reject as they believe it perpetuates bourgoise freedom
- Conservatives - encroach on decent society.
- Morality is subjective
7
Q
Animal Rights
Who are the two advocates of animal rights?
A
Peter Singer
- Based on marginal cases and the Sophisticated Inegalitarian Argument.
Tom Regan
- Animals have same moral status as humans - moral status is based on rights, not utilitarian principle. Humans use animals as a means to an end, and not treating them as ends in themselves.
8
Q
What did Rousseau, Locke and Constant say about liberty?
A
Locke
codified natural rights with property rights.
Rousseau
individual freedom is the right to do what you want, only restricted by strength and desires, and more virtuous civil liberty is gained through the law making process.
Constant
liberty of the ancients. Direct and collective participation in politics.
