Rights and Responsibilities

Question 1

Discrimination

Answer 1

Treating a person or group of people unfairly on the basis of their sex, gender or race.

Question 2

Fairness

Answer 2

Treating people equally and according to the circumstances.

Question 3

The Equality and Human Rights Commission

Answer 3

An independent statutory body established to help eliminate discrimination, reduce inequality and protect human rights.

Question 4

Justice

Answer 4

Behaviour or treatment that is morally right and fair.

Question 5

European Arrest Warrant

Answer 5

A system within the European Union that allows a police force in one country to request a police force in another to arrest some and extradite them.

Question 6

Barristers

Answer 6

Graduates who become specialist in a narrow aspect of the law and are employed by solicitors on behalf of their clients who represent them.

Question 7

Chief Constable

Answer 7

The chief police officer within each regional police force.

Question 8

Civil Law

Answer 8

The type of law that deals with disputes between individuals where damages are awarded.

Question 9

Criminal Law

Answer 9

The type of law where individuals are charged by the state with an offence and if found guilty are punished by the state.

Question 10

Crown Prosecution Service

Answer 10

An independent government body that determines whether charges should be brought. They prosecute cases in the courts on behalf of the state.

Question 11

Judiciary

Answer 11

The part of the UK system of governance that is responsible for its legal system and that consists of all the judges in its courts of law.

Question 12

Legal Executives

Answer 12

Legally qualified specialists employed largely by solicitors.

Question 13

Magistrates

Answer 13

Part-time community volunteers who determine verdicts and sentences in local Magistrates’ Courts.

Question 14

Police and Community Support Officers

Answer 14

Local employed uniformed staff who help the police in local communities. They do not have police powers.

Question 15

Queen’s Counsel

Answer 15

Barristers may apply to become QC’s, or KC’s if there is a king on the throne. This is recognition that they have become experts in their specialist field.

Question 16

Solicitors

Answer 16

Mainly graduates who cover a range of legal work both civil and criminal and have to be formally qualified.

Question 17

Special Constables

Answer 17

Volunteers who help the police on a part-time basis in their local community. They do not have police powers.

Question 18

Human Rights Act (HRA)

Answer 18

Passed in 1998 and came into force in 2000. This Act brought together numerous pieces of human rights legislation and enabled UK citizens easier access to the European Court of Human Rights.

Question 19

Magna Carta

Answer 19

Known as the Great Charter, signed by King john in 1215. It established the rights and powers of the King and the people of England.

Question 20

Common Law

Answer 20

Law based upon judges’ rulings in court.

Question 21

Legislation

Answer 21

Or statute law; laws passed by Parliament.

Question 22

Employers’ Association

Answer 22

Industry or regionally based bodies that seek to represent the interests of groups of employers.

Question 23

Trades Union Congress (TUC)

Answer 23

A national body representing most trade unions in the UK.

Question 24

Trade Unions

Answer 24

Legally recognised groups of workers or those in the same profession who negotiate on behalf of their members and fight to establish rights in the workplace.

Question 25

Secondary Action

Answer 25

When a worker not directly involved in a trade dispute takes action to support other workers.

Question 26

Strike

Answer 26

The withdrawal of one’s labour, refusing to work.

Question 27

Recorded Crime

Answer 27

Crimes that are reported to and recorded by the police.

Question 28

Aggravating Circumstances

Answer 28

Something makes a crime more serious.

Question 29

Custodial

Answer 29

A sentence that involves imprisonment.

Question 30

Deterrence

Answer 30

Use of sentencing to prevent the offender and others committing the offence.

Question 31

Mitigating Circumstances

Answer 31

Something that makes the charge or the offender’s culpability less serious.

Question 32

NARCO

Answer 32

A body that seeks to represent the views of offenders.

Question 33

Non-Custodial

Answer 33

A criminal sentence that does not involve imprisonment..

Question 34

Rehabilitation

Answer 34

An aim of sentencing seeking to change the behaviour of the offender.

Question 35

The Howard League of Penal Reform

Answer 35

A long-established pressure group that advocate prison reforms.

Question 36

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen 1789

Answer 36

Following the French Revolution, the new National Assembly declared that: ‘the ignorance, neglect, or contempt of the rights of man are the sole cause of public calamities and of the corruption of government, have determined to set forth in solemn declaration the natural, unalienable, and sacred rights of man.’

Question 37

Human Right

Answer 37

A fundamental right that every person is entitled to have, to be or to do.

Question 38

Petition of Rights 1628

Answer 38

A petition to King Charles I by Parliament demanding in return for taxation a number of basic human rights.

Question 39

US Declaration of Independence 1789

Answer 39

A declaration related to the founding of the United Sates of America following the War of Independence from Britain. The Declaration protects freedom of speech, freedom of religion, the right to keep and bear arms, the freedom of assembly and the freedom to petition.

Question 40

Geneva Conventions

Answer 40

The most important conventions relating to how civilians and others should be treated during a time of war.

Question 41

Hague Convention

Answer 41

Deals with the rules governing the conduct of war.

Question 42

International Criminal Court

Answer 42

Set up in 1998 to try persons indicted for crimes against humanity or war crimes. 120 nations have agreed to work with the court.

Question 43

International Humanitarian Law (IHL)

Answer 43

A body of law associated with international disputes and the conduct of war and people affected by war.

Question 44

Jury Service

Answer 44

Citizens are required to serve on juries as a civic duty. Twelve people serve. They are selected at random from the register of voters.

Question 45

Neighbourhood Watch

Answer 45

A voluntary scheme in which people in a given area work with the police to help reduce crime.